{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/260-zheng-min/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"大雅-烝民","title":"烝民","group":"大雅","region":"大雅","collectionSection":"荡之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周","quote":"天生烝民，有物有则。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"仲山甫受王命出行，诗先赞其柔嘉、小心与明哲，再写饯行车马、征夫赶路和樊侯筑城。个人德行与行政任务被紧密连接。","emotionalArc":"八章由天生烝民、好是懿德推进到王命仲山甫，后半转为四牡业业和吉甫作诵。抽象赞美最终落在远行、传令与营城。","modernReading":"优秀官员不能靠无限加班补偿制度缺陷。现代公共服务需要团队、资源和监督，让个人能力转化为可持续机制，而非英雄式透支。\n\n“天生烝民，有物有则”先把德性说成人人共有的可能，随后才集中赞仲山甫。现代阅读可据此前提反问英雄叙事：行政成绩来自团队、地方知识和资源，不应全归一位能臣。仲山甫既要传命、出行又要营城，过度依赖个人明哲，会让制度在他离开后失效。公共组织应形成授权、记录、监督和接班机制，也为远行者提供休息与家属支持。所谓明哲保身在本篇更接近明辨而尽职，不是回避责任；但尽职也不等于无限服从，面对不当命令仍需提出异议。吉甫作诗送行保存友谊与认可，同时也是官方评价，不能替代任务实际影响。城齐是否改善居民生活，应由当地经验检验，而非只看王命完成。","boundary":"传统多系尹吉甫送仲山甫城齐，人物史实与任务地点有考证分歧。“明哲保身”在本篇偏向明智尽职，不是后世圆滑含义。\n\n仲山甫、尹吉甫与樊地虽见传统史系，任务时间、路线和城址仍不确定。“天生烝民”到柔嘉维则的德性论属于先秦价值语言，不能直接转成现代绩效考核；能臣是否过劳也是基于行役描写的合理阐释。\n\n柔嘉、明哲等赞语来自送行者立场，不能自动证明所有被治理者对仲山甫评价一致。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-1-1","original":"天生烝民，有物有则。","translation":"上天生下众多百姓，每件事都有法则。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-1-2","original":"民之秉彝，好是懿德。","translation":"人所秉持的常性，就是喜爱美德。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-1-3","original":"天监有周，昭假于下。","translation":"上天察看周邦，光明降临人间；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-1-4","original":"保兹天子，生仲山甫。","translation":"为护佑天子，生下仲山甫。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-2-1","original":"仲山甫之德，柔嘉维则。","translation":"仲山甫的德行，以温和美善为准则。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-2-2","original":"令仪令色。小心翼翼。","translation":"他仪容和悦，处处谨慎恭敬；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-2-3","original":"古训是式。威仪是力。","translation":"遵循古训，努力保持威仪；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-2-4","original":"天子是若，明命使赋。","translation":"顺从天子，负责颁布明确政令。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-3-1","original":"王命仲山甫，式是百辟，","translation":"周王命仲山甫做诸侯榜样，","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-3-2","original":"缵戎祖考，王躬是保。","translation":"继承祖先事业，保护君王自身。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-3-3","original":"出纳王命，王之喉舌。","translation":"传达收受王命，做君王的喉舌；","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-3-4","original":"赋政于外，四方爰发。","translation":"对外发布政令，四方由此振兴。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-4-1","original":"肃肃王命，仲山甫将之。","translation":"庄严的王命由仲山甫奉行。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-4-2","original":"邦国若否，仲山甫明之。","translation":"国家善恶治乱，他都能看明白。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-4-3","original":"既明且哲，以保其身。","translation":"他既明智又通达，足以保全自身；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-4-4","original":"夙夜匪解，以事一人。","translation":"早晚不懈，专心侍奉天子。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-5-1","original":"人亦有言，柔则茹之，","translation":"人们常说：","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-5-2","original":"刚则吐之。维仲山甫，","translation":"柔软的就吞下，刚硬的就吐掉。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-5-3","original":"柔亦不茹，刚亦不吐。","translation":"只有仲山甫，柔弱者不欺，强硬者也不怕；","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-5-4","original":"不侮矜寡，不畏强御。","translation":"不欺侮孤苦无依的人，也不畏惧强暴势力。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-6-1","original":"人亦有言，德輶如毛，","translation":"人们常说，德行轻得像毛，却很少有人能举起。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-6-2","original":"民鲜克举之。我仪图之，","translation":"我认真衡量，只有仲山甫能够承担。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-6-3","original":"维仲山甫举之。爱莫助之。","translation":"别人即使爱他也帮不上忙，","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-6-4","original":"衮职有阙，维仲山甫补之。","translation":"君王职责若有缺失，只有他能补救。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-7-1","original":"仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。","translation":"仲山甫出发前祭祀路神，四匹公马高大整齐。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-7-2","original":"征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。","translation":"随行者行动迅速，总怕赶不上行程。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-7-3","original":"四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。","translation":"四马强壮，八铃锵锵；","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-7-4","original":"王命仲山甫，城彼东方。","translation":"周王命他前去东方筑齐城。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-8-1","original":"四牡骙骙，八鸾喈喈。","translation":"四匹公马强健奔驰，八只车铃和谐作响。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-8-2","original":"仲山甫徂齐，式遄其归。","translation":"仲山甫前往齐国，愿他早日归来。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-8-3","original":"吉甫作诵，穆如清风。","translation":"尹吉甫作下这首诗，和美如清风；","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-烝民-stanza-8-4","original":"仲山甫永怀，以慰其心。","translation":"仲山甫长久怀念故国，借此安慰他的心。","rawBlock":7}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"马","category":"动物","description":"驾车时服马和骖马各有位置；马匹的毛色、体力与步态也传达军旅、出行和身份信息。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ma-horse-paddock-v1.webp","imageAlt":"马水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；马；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；马；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；马；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；马；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"和鸾","category":"礼乐","description":"和、鸾是安装在车衡、轭首等处的铃，随车行而有节奏地鸣响；具体安装位置随文献解释略异。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/heluan-chariot-bells-scene-v4.webp","imageAlt":"和鸾水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","cheng","guoboMusic"],"excerpt":"仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；和鸾；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；和鸾；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"guoboMusic","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；和鸾；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"营建","category":"活动","description":"筑城、建屋、修仓需要组织土木劳动，也是诗中表现徭役与聚落秩序的常见场景。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/yingjian.webp","imageAlt":"营建水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；营建；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；营建；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；营建；原句“仲山甫出祖。四牡业业。征夫捷捷，每怀靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸾锵锵。王命仲山甫，城彼东方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"将之","pinyin":"jiāng 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jiē","note":"鸟鸣和谐清亮的样子。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["喈喈"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“喈喈”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“喈喈”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“喈喈”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"骙骙","pinyin":"kuí kuí","note":"马匹强壮威武的样子。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["骙骙"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“骙骙”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“骙骙”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；词条“骙骙”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"},{"id":"iozAnimals","short":"中科院动物所：动物科学资料","title":"中国科学院动物研究所与国家动物博物馆资料","kind":"动物分类与物种资料","url":"https://ioz.cas.cn/gb2018/jgkk/ysfm/index.html"},{"id":"guoboMusic","short":"国家博物馆：商周乐器","title":"《江汉汤汤——湖北出土商周文物展》","kind":"考古与名物","url":"https://www.chnmuseum.cn/zl/zlhg/201812/t20181220_32361.shtml"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"周原","province":"陕西岐山","note":"大雅中的周族史诗与周原、岐周传统密切相关。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"篇类范围推定","confidence":"中","statement":"依据篇类与礼乐语境归入西周范围，不等同于逐篇精确断代。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示","confidence":"低","statement":"雅、颂多不能落实到单一创作地点；坐标仅取相关礼乐或政治中心，供地图浏览。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；篇目所属地域或篇类"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；篇题地理说明"}]},"interpretation":{"label":"项目原创综合阐释","confidence":"阐释","statement":"场景、情感推进与今日重读属于项目在原文和注本基础上的现代解释，不作为可直接验证的历史事实。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；传世正文及传统训释"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·烝民；现代注释与篇意讨论"}]}},"song":{"src":"/assets/songs/generated/260-zheng-min.mp3","durationLabel":"3:43","introduction":"“天生烝民”先赞仲山甫柔嘉明哲，随后王命、饯行车马与筑城任务相继出现，个人德行被放入具体远行之中。\n舒缓节拍托住八章转向，层层推进由懿德赞美走到四牡业业，开阔声场让传令、赶路和营城彼此衔接。\n人物路线与城址无法确证，明哲也不是后世圆滑之义。作品采用当代原创声音转译，不尝试复原古乐。","form":"当代歌谣 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