{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/258-yun-han/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"大雅-云汉","title":"云汉","group":"大雅","region":"大雅","collectionSection":"荡之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周","quote":"倬彼云汉，昭回于天。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"银河明亮横天，土地却长期无雨。君王祭遍群神、耗尽牲玉，官员与百姓面对饥馑、死亡和迁徙，不断仰天追问为何受罚。","emotionalArc":"八章由倬彼云汉进入旱魃为虐，再写祭祀无所不用。呼告越来越急，最终从求雨转向如何保存余民，绝望中仍寻找治理行动。","modernReading":"面对气候灾害，仪式不能替代水利、储备和公平救助。现代社会尤其要保护粮食弱势地区，公开风险，并避免把灾难归罪于受害者。\n\n旱灾把王、官员与百姓置于共同危机，但承受能力并不相同。诗写牲玉将尽、祈祷遍及群神，最关键的转折却是“靡爱斯牲”“何辜今之人”：资源消耗之后，仍必须面对余民如何存活。现代应灾需要气象监测、蓄水、粮食储备、价格监管和跨地区救助，优先保护饮水与营养最脆弱者。领导者公开焦虑可以表达责任，却不能让自责仪式代替专业行动，也不能把旱灾归罪于百姓或少数群体。迁徙者需要安全通道，农人需要种子与恢复生计，救济分配还应防止权势者优先。银河明亮而地面无雨，正显示自然并不按人的道德愿望运行；诗保存的是古人面对不可控气候时的恐惧与动员，而非灾异因果证明。","boundary":"传统多联系宣王大旱，具体年代和气候范围需考古气候资料支持。求神与自责是古代应灾方式，不说明旱灾由道德造成。\n\n旱魃、云汉、群神和牺牲反映古代灾害认知，不能据此证明一次旱灾的持续年份、区域和死亡规模。宣王自责可能是礼仪化王者形象，不等于救济已经有效；气候史判断仍需孢粉、沉积与考古材料互证。\n\n祭品耗尽与救灾效果之间没有可核实对应，余民能否获粮、何时降雨，诗中都未交代。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1-1","original":"倬彼云汉，昭回于天。","translation":"浩瀚银河灿烂回旋在天。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1-2","original":"王曰：于乎！何辜今之人？","translation":"君王说：唉！如今的人有什么罪？","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1-3","original":"天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。","translation":"上天降下死亡祸乱，饥荒接连到来。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1-4","original":"靡神不举，靡爱斯牲。","translation":"所有神灵都已祭告，祭牲也毫不吝惜。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-1-5","original":"圭壁既卒，宁莫我听？","translation":"圭璧已经用尽，难道仍没有谁听见我们的祈求？","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2-1","original":"旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，暑气郁积灼热。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2-2","original":"不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。","translation":"祭祀从未停止，从郊外一直到宗庙；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2-3","original":"上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。","translation":"祭天祭地、陈列祭品，没有哪位神灵不被尊奉。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2-4","original":"后稷不克，上帝不临。","translation":"后稷不能救我们，上帝也不肯降临。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-2-5","original":"耗斁下土，宁丁我梗","translation":"大地耗损败坏，为什么偏让我们遭受阻难？","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3-1","original":"旱既大甚，则不可推。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，已经无法排解。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3-2","original":"兢兢业业，如霆如雷。","translation":"我日日恐惧，如同雷霆临头。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3-3","original":"周余黎民，靡有孑遗。","translation":"周地剩下的百姓，眼看一个也不能保全。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3-4","original":"昊天上帝，则不我遗。","translation":"苍天上帝竟不给我们留下生路。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-3-5","original":"胡不相畏？先祖于摧。","translation":"为何不彼此畏惧？连先祖祭祀也将随国家一同毁灭。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4-1","original":"旱既大甚，则不可沮。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，已经无法阻止。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4-2","original":"赫赫炎炎，云我无所。","translation":"烈日灼灼，炎气逼人，人人无处容身。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4-3","original":"大命近止，靡瞻靡顾。","translation":"亡国之命已经临近，再也无暇瞻前顾后。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4-4","original":"群公先正，则不我助。","translation":"历代公卿贤臣竟不来帮助，","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-4-5","original":"父母先祖，胡宁忍予？","translation":"父母先祖啊，为什么忍心让我受苦？","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5-1","original":"旱既大甚，涤涤山川。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，山川草木一片光秃。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5-2","original":"旱魃为虐，如惔如焚。","translation":"旱神肆虐，像火烧般灼热。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5-3","original":"我心惮暑，忧心如熏。","translation":"我害怕酷暑，忧心如受烟熏。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5-4","original":"群公先正，则不我闻。","translation":"历代公卿贤臣竟听不见我的呼求。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-5-5","original":"昊天上帝，宁俾我遁？","translation":"苍天上帝，难道要逼我逃亡？","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6-1","original":"旱既大甚，黾勉畏去。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，我们竭力救灾，唯恐被迫离去。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6-2","original":"胡宁瘨我以旱？","translation":"为何用旱灾折磨我们？","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6-3","original":"憯不知其故。","translation":"实在不知缘故。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6-4","original":"祈年孔夙，方社不莫。","translation":"祈求丰年的祭祀很早就举行，祭四方与土地神也从未迟延。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-6-5","original":"昊天上帝，则不我虞。","translation":"苍天上帝竟仍不顾念我们。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-1","original":"敬恭明神，宜无悔怒。","translation":"我们恭敬侍奉明神，理当没有招致怨怒。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-2","original":"旱既大甚，散无友纪。","translation":"旱灾实在太严重，民众离散、秩序崩溃。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-3","original":"鞫哉庶正，疚哉冢宰。","translation":"百官走投无路，冢宰忧病不堪。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-4","original":"趣马师氏，膳夫左右。","translation":"管马的、掌教的、膳夫和左右近臣，没有谁不尽力周济。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-5","original":"靡人不周。","translation":"所有办法都无法止旱，只能仰望苍天，","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-7-6","original":"无不能止，瞻卬昊天，云如何里！","translation":"不知忧痛何时结束！","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8-1","original":"瞻卬昊天，有嘒其星。","translation":"仰望苍天，只见星光微明。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8-2","original":"大夫君子，昭假无赢。","translation":"大夫君子们，应当明白祈告、不要遗漏。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8-3","original":"大命近止，无弃尔成。","translation":"亡国之命已经临近，不要放弃已有的努力。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8-4","original":"何求为我。以戾庶正。","translation":"所求并不为我个人，只为安定百官与百姓。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-云汉-stanza-8-5","original":"瞻卬昊天，曷惠其宁？","translation":"仰望苍天，何时才肯赐下安宁？","rawBlock":7}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"稷","category":"植物","description":"稷是先秦重要谷物名称，也因其农业地位进入国家与祭祀语言。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ji-foxtail-millet-v1.webp","imageAlt":"稷水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我梗","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；稷；原句“后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我梗”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；稷；原句“后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我梗”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；稷；原句“后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我梗”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；稷；原句“后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我梗”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"宫室","category":"器用","description":"宫、堂、门、庭构成不同层级的生活与礼仪空间；宗庙则专用于祭告祖先。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gongshi-wooden-hall-v1.webp","imageAlt":"宫室水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；宫室；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；宫室；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；宫室；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"饥馑","category":"活动","description":"粮食歉收造成的饥馑会迫使家庭节食、求援或迁徙，也检验储备与分配是否公平。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/jijin-famine-scene-v4.webp","imageAlt":"饥馑水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"倬彼云汉，昭回于天。王曰：于乎！何辜今之人？天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；饥馑；原句“倬彼云汉，昭回于天。王曰：于乎！何辜今之人？天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；饥馑；原句“倬彼云汉，昭回于天。王曰：于乎！何辜今之人？天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；饥馑；原句“倬彼云汉，昭回于天。王曰：于乎！何辜今之人？天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"日月星辰","category":"活动","description":"日月星辰既用于计时辨方，也进入婚礼、征役和政治讽喻，构成诗中的天空尺度。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/riyuexingchen.webp","imageAlt":"日月星辰水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"昊天上帝，则不我遗。胡不相畏？先祖于摧。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；日月星辰；原句“昊天上帝，则不我遗。胡不相畏？先祖于摧。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；日月星辰；原句“昊天上帝，则不我遗。胡不相畏？先祖于摧。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；日月星辰；原句“昊天上帝，则不我遗。胡不相畏？先祖于摧。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"雷雨","category":"活动","description":"雷声、风雨和降雪是周人辨识季节、行旅风险与情绪变化的重要自然信号。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/leiyu.webp","imageAlt":"雷雨水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"旱既大甚，则不可推。兢兢业业，如霆如雷。周余黎民，靡有孑遗。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；雷雨；原句“旱既大甚，则不可推。兢兢业业，如霆如雷。周余黎民，靡有孑遗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；雷雨；原句“旱既大甚，则不可推。兢兢业业，如霆如雷。周余黎民，靡有孑遗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；雷雨；原句“旱既大甚，则不可推。兢兢业业，如霆如雷。周余黎民，靡有孑遗。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"祭祀","category":"活动","description":"祭祀通过献牲、酒食、乐舞和祝告沟通祖先，确认宗族记忆与政治秩序。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/jisi-offering-altar-v1.webp","imageAlt":"祭祀水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；祭祀；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；祭祀；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；祭祀；原句“旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"嘒","pinyin":"huì","note":"声音细小而清亮。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["嘒"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“嘒”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“嘒”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“嘒”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"禋","pinyin":"yīn","note":"古代祭祀名，常解释为精洁其祀或以烟祭天。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["禋"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“禋”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“禋”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“禋”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"彼","pinyin":"bǐ","note":"指示代词，相当于“那、那个、那些”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["彼"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"大雅·荡之什·云汉；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"斯","pinyin":"sī","note":"指示代词“这、此”，也可作承接或语气成分。","sourceId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