{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/256-yi/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"大雅-抑","title":"抑","group":"大雅","region":"大雅","collectionSection":"荡之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周","quote":"抑抑威仪，维德之隅。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"说话者以警策长篇劝人谨慎言行、亲近贤者、远离酒色，反复要求白圭之玷尚可磨，言语错误却难追回。家内教育与朝廷政治交织。","emotionalArc":"十二章由威仪抑抑推进到慎尔出话，再列幼年、朋友、酒食和屋漏。规劝不断回到日常动作，使抽象德行变成每一次说话与选择。","modernReading":"谨言不是压制表达，而是对信息后果负责。现代组织既需事实核查和反思，也不能用“谨慎”封堵批评；权力者承担的言语责任应更高。\n\n长篇规劝从威仪、言语一直进入饮酒、交友、家室和独处，说明公共品格不是上朝时才出现。白圭有瑕尚可打磨，话一出口却难完全收回，这对现代传播尤其切近：权力者一句未经核实的话可能造成群体污名和现实伤害。谨慎不等于沉默，恰恰要求区分事实、判断和不确定性，及时更正，并允许他人反驳。诗中大量祖先、孝与家内训诫属于宗法伦理，不能逐句变成今天对个人的服从要求；照护家庭也不应成为限制女性或年轻人的理由。若传统被用来封堵批评，就背离了全诗反复自省的精神。现代组织可以把“慎尔出话”落实为证据审核、透明更正和领导者更高的传播责任，同时保障善意预警者不会因措辞不完美而受罚。","boundary":"传统有卫武公自警、刺厉王等说，作者和受戒对象不定。“无念尔祖”等宗法伦理需历史化，不宜逐句作现代道德命令。\n\n卫武公自警与刺厉王两说影响篇旨，作者、受话者和成篇层次并不确定。屋漏、白圭、童蒙等譬喻也不是一套统一行为法规。现代传播责任可与诗互相照见，但不把宗法孝道、性别秩序照搬为今日标准。\n\n诗中受训者是否改变、规劝发生于宫廷还是自警场合，均不能从复沓句式确定。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-1-1","original":"抑抑威仪，维德之隅。","translation":"端庄谨慎的仪态，是德行的外在表现。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-1-2","original":"人亦有言：靡哲不愚。","translation":"人们常说：没有哪位智者从不犯糊涂。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-1-3","original":"庶人之愚，亦职维疾。","translation":"普通人糊涂，多是自身毛病；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-1-4","original":"哲人之愚，亦维斯戾。","translation":"智者若糊涂，却会造成严重罪过。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-2-1","original":"无竞维人，四方其训之。","translation":"国家最强的力量在于人才，四方都会遵循他们；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-2-2","original":"有觉德行，四国顺之。","translation":"若有高明德行，四国自然顺服。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-2-3","original":"訏谟定命，远犹辰告。","translation":"制定宏大谋略、确定政令，把长远计划及时告知。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-2-4","original":"敬慎威仪，维民之则。","translation":"恭敬谨慎保持威仪，才能成为百姓准则。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-3-1","original":"其在于今，兴迷乱于政。","translation":"如今却政事迷乱。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-3-2","original":"颠覆厥德，荒湛于酒。","translation":"你颠倒德行，沉迷饮酒。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-3-3","original":"女虽湛乐从，弗念厥绍。","translation":"虽然纵情欢乐，却不想怎样继承祖业；","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-3-4","original":"罔敷求先王，克共明刑。","translation":"不广求先王法度，不能奉行明确典章。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-4-1","original":"肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。","translation":"这样连伟大的上天也不尊重。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-4-2","original":"夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。","translation":"人才像泉水不断涌流，不要让大家一同沉沦。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-4-3","original":"修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，","translation":"早起晚睡，洒扫庭院，才是百姓的表率。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-4-4","original":"用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。","translation":"整修车马、弓箭和兵器，防备战争发生、警戒远方蛮族。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-5-1","original":"质尔人民，谨尔侯度，用戒不虞。","translation":"安定你的百姓，谨守诸侯法度，防范意外。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-5-2","original":"慎尔出话，敬尔威仪，无不柔嘉。","translation":"谨慎说出口的话，恭敬保持威仪，","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-5-3","original":"白圭之玷，尚可磨也；","translation":"使一切温和美好。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-5-4","original":"斯言之玷，不可为也！","translation":"白玉上的污点还能磨去，说错的话却无法挽回！","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6-1","original":"无易由言，无曰苟矣。","translation":"不要轻率说话，别以为随口讲讲无妨。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6-2","original":"莫扪朕舌，言不可逝矣。","translation":"无人按住你的舌头，话出口便追不回。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6-3","original":"无言不仇，无德不报。","translation":"每句话都有回应，每种德行都有回报。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6-4","original":"惠于朋友，庶民小子。","translation":"善待朋友和普通百姓。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-6-5","original":"子孙绳绳，万民靡不承。","translation":"子孙连续不断，万民无不顺从。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-7-1","original":"视尔友君子，辑柔尔颜，不遐有愆。","translation":"与友善君子相处，面色和悦，自然很少犯错。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-7-2","original":"相在尔室，尚不愧于屋漏。","translation":"看看你独处室内时，也应不愧对最隐暗的角落。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-7-3","original":"无曰不显，莫予云觏。","translation":"不要说无人看见。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-7-4","original":"神之格思，不可度思，矧可射思！","translation":"神明到来无法揣测，怎可厌弃敬畏！","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-8-1","original":"辟尔为德，俾臧俾嘉。","translation":"修明你的德行，使它善良美好。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-8-2","original":"淑慎尔止，不愆于仪。","translation":"谨慎自己的行为，不违背礼仪。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-8-3","original":"不僭不贼，鲜不为则。","translation":"不犯错、不害人，便很少不被人效法。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-8-4","original":"投我以桃，报之以李。","translation":"别人投我桃子，我便回赠李子。","rawBlock":7}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9","number":9,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-1","original":"彼童而角，实虹小子。","translation":"说小羊生了角，本就是欺骗年轻人。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-2","original":"荏染柔木，言缗之丝。","translation":"柔韧的树木，可以用丝线制成的弓弦来配。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-3","original":"温温恭人，维德之基。","translation":"温和恭敬的人，才以此建立德行根基。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-4","original":"其维哲人，告之话言，顺德之行。","translation":"若是明智的人，告诉他这些话，他便会顺着美德去做；","rawBlock":8},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-5","original":"其维愚人，覆谓我僭。","translation":"若是愚昧的人，反说我说话越分。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-9-6","original":"民各有心。","translation":"人心原本各不相同。","rawBlock":8}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10","number":10,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10-1","original":"于乎小子，未知臧否。","translation":"唉，年轻人啊，你还不懂好坏。","rawBlock":9},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10-2","original":"匪手携之，言示之事。","translation":"我不只是牵着你的手，而是把事情明白展示；","rawBlock":9},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10-3","original":"匪面命之，言提其耳。","translation":"不只是当面告诫，还像提着耳朵反复叮咛。","rawBlock":9},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10-4","original":"借曰未知，亦既抱子。","translation":"姑且说你年轻无知，可你已经抱过孩子。","rawBlock":9},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-10-5","original":"民之靡盈，谁夙知而莫成？","translation":"人若从不自满，谁会早年聪明、晚年反而无成？","rawBlock":9}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11","number":11,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11-1","original":"昊天孔昭，我生靡乐。","translation":"苍天十分明察，我这一生却没有快乐。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11-2","original":"视尔梦梦，我心惨惨。","translation":"看你昏昧无知，我心中凄惨。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11-3","original":"诲尔谆谆，听我藐藐。","translation":"我教诲得恳切不倦，你听来却漫不经心。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11-4","original":"匪用为教，覆用为虐。","translation":"不把它当作教导，反把劝告看成虐待。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-11-5","original":"借曰未知，亦聿既耄。","translation":"姑且说你年轻无知，如今也已经年老。","rawBlock":10}]},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12","number":12,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12-1","original":"于乎，小子，告尔旧止。","translation":"唉，我把旧日道理告诉你；","rawBlock":11},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12-2","original":"听用我谋，庶无大悔。","translation":"若肯采用我的谋划，或许不会留下大悔。","rawBlock":11},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12-3","original":"天方艰难，曰丧厥国。","translation":"上天正降下艰难，国家将要灭亡。","rawBlock":11},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12-4","original":"取譬不远，昊天不忒。","translation":"眼前就有清楚的比喻，上天从不出错。","rawBlock":11},{"id":"大雅-抑-stanza-12-5","original":"回遹其德，俾民大棘。","translation":"是你让德行邪僻，使百姓陷入巨大困境。","rawBlock":11}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"棘","category":"植物","description":"酸枣树多刺；嫩芽柔弱可比幼子，坚硬枝条又可作薪柴，兼具亲情与劳作意味。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ji.webp","imageAlt":"棘水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"于乎，小子，告尔旧止。听用我谋，庶无大悔。天方艰难，曰丧厥国。取譬不远，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；棘；原句“于乎，小子，告尔旧止。听用我谋，庶无大悔。天方艰难，曰丧厥国。取譬不远，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；棘；原句“于乎，小子，告尔旧止。听用我谋，庶无大悔。天方艰难，曰丧厥国。取譬不远，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；棘；原句“于乎，小子，告尔旧止。听用我谋，庶无大悔。天方艰难，曰丧厥国。取譬不远，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；棘；原句“于乎，小子，告尔旧止。听用我谋，庶无大悔。天方艰难，曰丧厥国。取譬不远，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"弓","category":"器用","description":"弓利用弓臂弹力发射箭矢，用于田猎、作战和射礼。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gong-bow-field-v1.webp","imageAlt":"弓水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；弓；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；弓；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；弓；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"矢","category":"器用","description":"矢即箭，由箭镞、箭杆和箭羽等部分组成，需与弓配合使用。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/shi-arrows-quiver-v1.webp","imageAlt":"矢水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；矢；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；矢；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；矢；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"车服","category":"器用","description":"车马、缰绳与车帷构成出行系统，其形制和数量也反映身份与礼仪等级。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/chefu.webp","imageAlt":"车服水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；车服；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；车服；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；车服；原句“肆皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，无沦胥以亡。夙兴夜寐，洒扫庭内，维民之章。修尔车马，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蛮方。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"宫室","category":"器用","description":"宫、堂、门、庭构成不同层级的生活与礼仪空间；宗庙则专用于祭告祖先。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gongshi-wooden-hall-v1.webp","imageAlt":"宫室水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"视尔友君子，辑柔尔颜，不遐有愆。相在尔室，尚不愧于屋漏。无曰不显，莫予云觏。神之格思，不可度思，矧可射思！","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·抑；宫室；原句“视尔友君子，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