{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/255-dang/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"大雅-荡","title":"荡","group":"大雅","region":"大雅","collectionSection":"荡之什","theme":"宴飨","period":"西周","quote":"荡荡上帝，下民之辟。","summary":"写宾主相会、饮宴奏乐与彼此劝勉，重心在礼意而不只在热闹","interpretation":{"scene":"诗借文王之口反复呼告殷商，列举强御掊克、酗酒失德和百姓流离，借商亡警告当下周王。祖先历史成为可公开使用的批评工具。","emotionalArc":"八章从荡荡上帝转入“文王曰咨”，每章都像一次证词补充。批评由用人、政令扩展到民生，末尾“殷鉴不远”突然把镜子转回周室。","modernReading":"历史纪念若只赞本朝胜利，会失去警示力量。现代公共叙事应容纳失败、受害者和制度原因，让过去真正约束今天的权力。\n\n诗借文王责殷来批评周的当下，是一种绕过禁忌的历史写法：表面谈前朝，听者却知道镜子就在眼前。强御掊克、酗酒和政令失序不是孤立性格问题，它们通过任命、税役和暴力进入百姓生活。现代公共史若只纪念本方胜利，就会失去这种自我约束；纪念馆、教材和档案应保留失败决策、受害者证言与制度原因。所谓“殷鉴不远”也不能把商亡简化为道德报应，王朝变化包含战争、资源、联盟和长期社会矛盾。真正可继承的警示是：权力若不接受信息、不限制利益攫取，再强的正统叙事也不能保持信任。托古发言显示直接批评可能危险，现代制度更应保障公开异议，不让人只能借祖先之口说真话。诗中的商人形象来自周人立场，阅读时还需与商代考古和其他文献互证。","boundary":"托文王戒殷可能是诗的修辞结构，不代表文王原话。传统多系厉王，篇中商末描述也经过周人立场重构。\n\n篇中对殷商酗酒、暴虐和民散的概括是周人借史讽今的修辞，不是商末社会全貌。厉王等具体王世虽有传统归属，仍缺少诗内署名。现代历史问责是阐释方向，不能把文王曰咨误作可逐字核验的讲话记录。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-1-1","original":"荡荡上帝，下民之辟。","translation":"浩荡无边的上帝，是天下百姓的主宰。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-1-2","original":"疾威上帝，其命多辟。","translation":"可怕而威严的上帝，降下的命运却多有偏差。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-1-3","original":"天生烝民，其命匪谌。","translation":"上天生下众多百姓，天命却难以信赖。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-1-4","original":"靡不有初，鲜克有终。","translation":"做事没有谁缺少开头，却很少有人能够善终。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-2-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨汝殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-2-2","original":"曾是彊御？曾是掊克？","translation":"怎能让强暴横行、聚敛掠夺的人在朝廷任职？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-2-3","original":"曾是在位？曾是在服？","translation":"怎能让他们占据高位、执掌政务？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-2-4","original":"天降滔德，女兴是力。","translation":"上天降下如此暴虐的德性，正因你极力助长这些人。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-3-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-3-2","original":"而秉义类，彊御多怼。","translation":"你主持政事不循正道，使强暴者怨声四起。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-3-3","original":"流言以对。寇攘式内。","translation":"只用流言应对批评，让盗贼在国内横行。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-3-4","original":"侯作侯祝，靡届靡究。","translation":"掌权者任意诅咒作威，恶行没有边界也没有尽头。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-4-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-4-2","original":"女炰烋于中国。敛怨以为德。","translation":"你在中原呼喝逞凶，把聚集怨恨当作德行。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-4-3","original":"不明尔德，时无背无侧。","translation":"你的德行不光明，所以身边没有可靠辅佐；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-4-4","original":"尔德不明，以无陪无卿。","translation":"你的德行昏暗，所以没有贤臣卿士。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-5-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-5-2","original":"天不湎尔以酒，不义从式。","translation":"唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-5-3","original":"既衍尔止。靡明靡晦。","translation":"上天并没有让你沉迷酒色，是你自己追随不义。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-5-4","original":"式号式呼。俾昼作夜。","translation":"你的行为已经过度，无论白天黑夜都呼喊喧嚷，把白昼颠倒成黑夜。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-6-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-6-2","original":"如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。","translation":"朝廷喧闹得像蝉鸣虫叫，又像滚沸的汤羹。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-6-3","original":"小大近丧，人尚乎由行。","translation":"无论小国大国都接近灭亡，人们仍沿着错误道路前行。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-6-4","original":"内奰于中国，覃及鬼方。","translation":"内乱在中原激起，又蔓延到遥远鬼方。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-7-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-7-2","original":"匪上帝不时，殷不用旧。","translation":"不是上帝不合时宜，而是殷商不肯沿用旧日良法。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-7-3","original":"虽无老成人，尚有典刑。","translation":"即使没有年高成德的老臣，仍有古代典章可以遵循。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-7-4","original":"曾是莫听，大命以倾。","translation":"你竟全都不听，伟大天命因此倾覆。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-8-1","original":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。","translation":"文王叹息说：唉，殷商啊！","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-8-2","original":"人亦有言：颠沛之揭，","translation":"人们常说，大树倒下时根都已露出。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-8-3","original":"枝叶未有害，本实先拨。","translation":"枝叶尚未受害，根本却先被拔除。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-荡-stanza-8-4","original":"殷鉴不远，在夏后之世。","translation":"殷商可借鉴的前例并不遥远，就在前代夏朝。","rawBlock":7}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"饮食制作","category":"活动","description":"谷物、肉食与羹汤经过舂治、炊煮或炙烤，既供日常食用，也用于待客和祭礼。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/yinshi.webp","imageAlt":"饮食制作水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；饮食制作；原句“文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；饮食制作；原句“文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；饮食制作；原句“文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"烝","pinyin":"zhēng","modern":"众多、久在","note":"古诗中常作众多或语助，需依语境理解。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["烝"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"晦","pinyin":"huì","note":"昏暗；“风雨如晦”说天色暗得像夜晚。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["晦"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“晦”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“晦”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“晦”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"尔","pinyin":"ěr","note":"第二人称代词，相当于“你、你们”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["尔"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"汝","pinyin":"rǔ","note":"第二人称代词，相当于“你”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["汝"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“汝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“汝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；词条“汝”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"周原","province":"陕西岐山","note":"大雅中的周族史诗与周原、岐周传统密切相关。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"篇类范围推定","confidence":"中","statement":"依据篇类与礼乐语境归入西周范围，不等同于逐篇精确断代。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示","confidence":"低","statement":"雅、颂多不能落实到单一创作地点；坐标仅取相关礼乐或政治中心，供地图浏览。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；篇目所属地域或篇类"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；篇题地理说明"}]},"interpretation":{"label":"项目原创综合阐释","confidence":"阐释","statement":"场景、情感推进与今日重读属于项目在原文和注本基础上的现代解释，不作为可直接验证的历史事实。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；传世正文及传统训释"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·荡之什·荡；现代注释与篇意讨论"}]}},"song":{"src":"/assets/songs/generated/255-dang.mp3","durationLabel":"2:59","introduction":"“荡荡上帝”借文王之口一次次呼告殷商，从用人、政令写到酗酒与民生，末尾“殷鉴不远”忽然把镜子转回周室。\n稳健节拍含着八章证词般的补充，层层推进让批评持续扩大，开阔声场容纳借史讽今的沉重回响。\n托言文王是诗的修辞，篇中殷商图景不是社会全貌，这里作当代原创声音转译，不仿制古乐。","form":"当代歌谣 ·《诗经》原文演唱","credit":"诗经地图 · 诗篇之声｜生成协作：MiniMax Music 2.6","boundary":"当代原创声音转译，以现代音乐形式演唱《诗经》原文；不代表周代旋律、唱法或古代声景复原。"},"markerRank":20,"prominence":280,"lnglat":[106.32317556184537,34.01914970280595],"source":"传世《毛诗》正文；项目据古今注本逐篇复核","slug":"255-dang","order":255}}