{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/245-sheng-min/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"大雅-生民","title":"生民","group":"大雅","region":"大雅","collectionSection":"生民之什","theme":"史诗","period":"西周","quote":"厥初生民，时维姜嫄。","summary":"叙述后稷诞生与农业起源，连接周族祖先记忆与土地。","interpretation":{"scene":"姜嫄履迹受孕，后稷出生后数次被弃，却由牛羊、樵夫和飞鸟保护。长大后他辨识土宜、种植黍稷豆麦，并以收成祭祀上帝。","emotionalArc":"八章从神异诞生推进到弃置危机，再转为农业技术与祭礼。前半生命屡次濒危，后半谷物次第成熟，个人存活最终被写成群体食物来源。","modernReading":"农业文明不是一位英雄发明，而是长期观察、试种、保存种子和集体协作。现代重读也应正视弃婴情节与母亲处境，不用神迹遮住生育风险。\n\n姜嫄无声分娩、婴儿被弃而数次获救，是祖先神话最惊险的部分。现代读者不必把它解释为真实产科记录，却可以看到古人如何用牛羊、樵夫、寒冰与鸟翼想象一个脆弱生命穿过危险。母亲为何弃子、是否受礼俗压力，文本没有说明，不宜轻易道德评判。后稷长成后并非凭神力让百谷成熟，他辨土、播种、选种、收获、加工，再把粮食组织为祭品，这保存了农业知识长期积累的记忆。黍、稷、麻、麦、瓜等作物背后有无数试种者和保存种子的家庭，文明不能归功于单一男性祖先。现代农业同样依赖土壤、种质、劳动者和风险共享；纪念技术创新时，应保障农民收益与生态持续。祭祀把收成归于上帝和先祖，是周人的信仰表达，不证明作物因神意成熟。神话的价值不是提供生物学事实，而是让共同体讲述自己为何珍惜粮食、怎样理解生存与繁衍。","boundary":"后稷传说包含神话、祖先祭歌与农业记忆，不能当作个人传记。履帝武敏、弃置次数和作物比定均有多种解释。\n\n姜嫄履迹、无灾生产和鸟翼覆护有多种神话解释，既不能据此否定母亲，也不能还原真实弃婴原因。谷物名称与农业次序可提供知识线索，却不是一季农事日志；后稷作为文化英雄，是群体经验的人格化。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1-1","original":"厥初生民，时维姜嫄。","translation":"最初生下周人始祖的，是姜嫄。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1-2","original":"生民如何？","translation":"她怎样生下始祖？","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1-3","original":"克禋克祀，以弗无子。","translation":"她虔诚举行郊祭，祈求不再没有孩子。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1-4","original":"履帝武敏歆，攸介攸止，载震载夙。","translation":"她踏上天帝巨人的足迹，心中欣喜；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-1-5","original":"载生载育，时维后稷。","translation":"在那里歇息，身体便有了震动，恭敬地孕育，后来生下后稷。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-2-1","original":"诞弥厥月，先生如达。","translation":"怀胎足月，头生子顺利降生。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-2-2","original":"不拆不副，无菑无害。","translation":"产门没有撕裂，身体没有损伤，没有灾难也没有伤害，显示出神奇的灵验。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-2-3","original":"以赫厥灵。","translation":"上帝难道不满意祭祀？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-2-4","original":"上帝不宁，不康禋祀，居然生子。","translation":"其实正是因为悦纳了她的虔诚，才让她安然生下儿子。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-3-1","original":"诞寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。","translation":"她把孩子放在狭窄巷中，牛羊却护养他；","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-3-2","original":"诞寘之平林，会伐平林。","translation":"又把他放在平林，恰逢人们前来砍树。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-3-3","original":"诞寘之寒冰，鸟覆翼之。","translation":"再把他放在寒冰上，鸟儿用翅膀覆盖温暖他。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-3-4","original":"鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。","translation":"鸟儿离开以后，后稷便放声啼哭。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4-1","original":"实覃实訏，厥声载路。","translation":"哭声绵长洪亮，响遍整条道路。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4-2","original":"诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷。","translation":"他很快学会爬行，长大后聪明出众，自己寻找食物。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4-3","original":"以就口食。","translation":"他种下大豆，大豆蓬勃生长；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4-4","original":"蓺之荏菽，荏菽旆旆。","translation":"禾谷穗实累累，麻和麦子茂密，","rawBlock":3},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-4-5","original":"禾役穟穟，麻麦幪幪，瓜瓞唪唪。","translation":"大小瓜果也结得丰盛。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5-1","original":"诞后稷之穑，有相之道。","translation":"后稷耕种庄稼，有一套顺应自然的方法。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5-2","original":"茀厥丰草，种之黄茂。","translation":"先除去茂盛杂草，再播下优良种子。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5-3","original":"实方实苞，实种实褎。","translation":"禾苗成行、萌芽、拔节、抽穗。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5-4","original":"实发实秀，实坚实好。","translation":"继而开花、吐穗，籽粒坚实饱满，谷穗低垂、收获丰盛。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-5-5","original":"实颖实栗，即有邰家室。","translation":"于是他到邰地建立家园。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-6-1","original":"诞降嘉种，维秬维秠，维穈维芑。","translation":"上天赐下优良谷种，有黑黍、","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-6-2","original":"恒之秬秠，是获是亩。","translation":"双粒黍、红苗嘉谷和白苗嘉谷。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-6-3","original":"恒之穈芑，是任是负。","translation":"大片种下黑黍双粒黍，收割后堆满田间。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-6-4","original":"以归肇祀。","translation":"大片种下红苗白苗嘉谷，收获后肩挑背负，带回去开始祭祀。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-1","original":"诞我祀如何？","translation":"我们的祭祀怎样举行？","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-2","original":"或舂或揄，或簸或蹂。","translation":"有人舂米、有人舀粮，有人簸糠、有人搓谷。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-3","original":"释之叟叟，烝之浮浮。","translation":"淘米声沙沙响，蒸出的饭热气腾腾。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-4","original":"载谋载惟。","translation":"仔细谋划准备，取来香蒿与脂膏献祭，","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-5","original":"取萧祭脂，取羝以軷，","translation":"杀公羊祭祀路神；","rawBlock":6},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-7-6","original":"载燔载烈，以兴嗣岁。","translation":"又烧烤祭肉，祈求来年继续丰收。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-8-1","original":"卬盛于豆，于豆于登。","translation":"把祭品盛入木豆和瓦登。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-8-2","original":"其香始升，上帝居歆。","translation":"香气刚刚升起，上帝便安然享用；","rawBlock":7},{"id":"大雅-生民-stanza-8-3","origina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维芑。恒之秬秠，是获是亩。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"饮食制作","category":"活动","description":"谷物、肉食与羹汤经过舂治、炊煮或炙烤，既供日常食用，也用于待客和祭礼。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/yinshi.webp","imageAlt":"饮食制作水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"实覃实訏，厥声载路。诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；饮食制作；原句“实覃实訏，厥声载路。诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；饮食制作；原句“实覃实訏，厥声载路。诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；饮食制作；原句“实覃实訏，厥声载路。诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"菽","pinyin":"shū","modern":"豆类","note":"古代对豆类作物的通称。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["菽"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“菽”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“菽”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“菽”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"萧","pinyin":"xiāo","modern":"蒿类香草","note":"蒿属植物，古人也用于祭祀取香。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["萧"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“萧”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“萧”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“萧”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"烝","pinyin":"zhēng","modern":"众多、久在","note":"古诗中常作众多或语助，需依语境理解。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["烝"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“烝”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"寘","pinyin":"zhì","note":"放置。“寘彼周行”即把筐放在大道旁。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","gaoheng"],"matches":["寘"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“寘”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“寘”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"gaoheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“寘”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"芑","pinyin":"qǐ","note":"古代菜名，传统有苦菜、白粱等不同解释。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["芑"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“芑”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“芑”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"大雅·生民之什·生民；词条“芑”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"厥初","pinyin":"jué 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