{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/234-he-cao-bu-huang/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-何草不黄","title":"何草不黄","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"鱼藻之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"何草不黄？何日不行？","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"草木无不枯黄，远役者却日日在路，驱车承担四方差使。他们自问难道不是人，为何只有征夫不能休息，狐狸般在荒野奔走。","emotionalArc":"四章以连续反问展开：何草不黄、何人不将、匪兕匪虎。季节凋零与普遍服役层层叠加，最后疲惫从个人变成整个群体的控诉。","modernReading":"公共任务不能无限依赖少数人的牺牲。草木已经一再变黄，征人却仍被派往四方，反问“独为匪民”说明制度把他们当成没有家庭和身体限度的工具。现代制度需要明确期限、轮换、休假、危险补偿和拒绝不安全工作的权利，并把外包、临时人员与后勤人员也纳入保护。任务必要性应定期复核，不能因一个人能坚持就默认他永远承担。","boundary":"传统多视为征夫怨劳，也有使臣久役说，具体战争、路线和王世不明。“经营四方”是奔走遍地，不宜美化为开疆功绩；“匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野”以野兽反衬人的处境，不是物种记录。草黄季节也不能换算精确服役年限。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-1-1","original":"何草不黄？何日不行？","translation":"哪一种草不枯黄？哪一天不用奔走？","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-1-2","original":"何人不将？经营四方。","translation":"哪一个人不在服役？我们往来经营天下四方。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-2-1","original":"何草不玄？何人不矜？","translation":"哪一种草不枯黑？哪一个人不孤苦？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-2-2","original":"哀我征夫，独为匪民。","translation":"可怜我们出征的人，偏偏不被当作百姓看待。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-3-1","original":"匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。","translation":"我们不是犀牛也不是老虎，却总在旷野里奔走。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-3-2","original":"哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。","translation":"可怜我们出征的人，从早到晚没有闲暇。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-4-1","original":"有芃者狐，率彼幽草。","translation":"毛茸茸的狐狸，沿着深草缓缓走。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-何草不黄-stanza-4-2","original":"有栈之车，行彼周道。","translation":"简陋的役车，却要奔驰在通往京城的大道上。","rawBlock":3}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"兕","category":"动物","description":"兕是先秦文献中的大型野兽，具体对应犀类还是野牛类存在争议，也是田猎与酒器纹饰中的重要形象。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/si-rhinoceros-reeds-v1.webp","imageAlt":"兕水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；兕；原句“匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；兕；原句“匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；兕；原句“匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；兕；原句“匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"车服","category":"器用","description":"车马、缰绳与车帷构成出行系统，其形制和数量也反映身份与礼仪等级。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/chefu.webp","imageAlt":"车服水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有栈之车，行彼周道。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；车服；原句“有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有栈之车，行彼周道。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；车服；原句“有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有栈之车，行彼周道。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；车服；原句“有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有栈之车，行彼周道。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"彼","pinyin":"bǐ","note":"指示代词，相当于“那、那个、那些”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["彼"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"匪","pinyin":"fěi","note":"通“非”，表示否定。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["匪"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“匪”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“匪”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；词条“匪”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"},{"id":"iozAnimals","short":"中科院动物所：动物科学资料","title":"中国科学院动物研究所与国家动物博物馆资料","kind":"动物分类与物种资料","url":"https://ioz.cas.cn/gb2018/jgkk/ysfm/index.html"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"镐京","province":"陕西西安","note":"雅诗并非都创作于都城；此处用周王室礼乐中心作浏览锚点。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"宽泛时段推定","confidence":"低","statement":"仅给出便于浏览的宽泛年代范围；学界对不少篇目的具体年代仍有分歧。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·鱼藻之什·何草不黄；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示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