{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/212-da-tian/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-大田","title":"大田","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"甫田之什","theme":"农事","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"大田多稼，既种既戒，既备乃事。","summary":"顺着时令与劳作写土地、作物和生活秩序，呈现周人日常世界的节律","interpretation":{"scene":"农人整修疆界，选种播种，除草治虫，雨水降临后禾苗成熟。收割者把粮食堆成高垛，又留下一些供寡妇拾取，农业管理细节异常密集。","emotionalArc":"四章按整地、护苗、降雨、收获推进，节奏从谨慎照料转为密集劳动。“彼有遗秉，此有滞穗”在丰收高潮中留下分配给弱者的空间。","modernReading":"粮食系统的好坏不仅看总产量，也看种子、土壤生态、劳动安全和分配。农人要辨草、治虫、等待降雨并在成熟期集中收割，任何环节都可能让风险落到家庭。诗中特意留下“遗秉”“滞穗”供寡妇拾取，提示丰收需要共享；现代社会更应把这种善意变成稳定保障、合理收购和灾害保险，而非依赖偶然剩余。","boundary":"传统多释周王劝农，具体巡视者、农人和土地位置不明。螟、螣、蟊、贼的古代分类未必等同现代昆虫学；焚虫与祭田祖反映当时农业观念。拾穗可见分配伦理，但不能直接等同现代社会保障制度，也不能证明所有弱者都获照料。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-1-1","original":"大田多稼，既种既戒，既备乃事。","translation":"广大的田野里种着许多作物，种子和农具已经备好，农事也安排妥当。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-1-2","original":"以我覃耜，俶载南亩。","translation":"拿起锋利宽长的犁铧，开始在南亩耕作。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-1-3","original":"播厥百谷，既庭且硕，曾孙是若。","translation":"播下各种谷物，长得挺拔又粗壮，顺应周王后代的心愿。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-2-1","original":"既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。","translation":"禾苗已经抽穗、结实，籽粒坚硬饱满，没有稂草也没有莠草。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-2-2","original":"去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，无害我田稚。","translation":"除掉螟虫、螣虫、蟊虫和贼虫。不要伤害我们田中的幼苗。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-2-3","original":"田祖有神，秉畀炎火。","translation":"愿田祖神明抓住这些害虫，把它们投入烈火。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3-1","original":"有渰萋萋，兴雨祈祈。","translation":"浓云密密涌起，细雨缓缓降下。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3-2","original":"雨我公田，遂及我私。","translation":"先滋润我们的公田，也遍及各家的私田。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3-3","original":"彼有不获稚，此有不敛穧，","translation":"那里有没割净的幼禾。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3-4","original":"彼有遗秉，此有滞穗，","translation":"这里有未收的谷捆，那里有遗落的禾把和稻穗，","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-3-5","original":"伊寡妇之利。","translation":"都留给寡妇拾取。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-4-1","original":"曾孙来止，以其妇子。","translation":"周王来到田间，妻子儿女也随行，为南亩劳作的人送饭，田官见了十分欢喜。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-4-2","original":"馌彼南亩，田畯至喜。","translation":"又来举行祭天祭四方之礼。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-4-3","original":"来方禋祀，以其骍黑，与其黍稷。","translation":"献上红牛和黑猪，并用黍稷作祭品。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-大田-stanza-4-4","original":"以享以祀，以介景福。","translation":"敬奉祖先、举行祭祀，以求获得盛大的福泽。","rawBlock":3}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"黍","category":"植物","description":"黍是北方重要谷物，可煮食、酿酒，也进入祭祀供献。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/shu-millet-field-v1.webp","imageAlt":"黍水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；黍；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；黍；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；黍；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；黍；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"稷","category":"植物","description":"稷是先秦重要谷物名称，也因其农业地位进入国家与祭祀语言。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ji-foxtail-millet-v1.webp","imageAlt":"稷水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稷；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稷；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稷；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稷；原句“以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"稂萧蓍","category":"植物","description":"稂是田间杂草，萧为蒿类香草，蓍草可用于占筮；不同植物映照土地荒芜与王业盛衰。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/langxiaoshi-wild-plants-v1.webp","imageAlt":"稂萧蓍水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稂萧蓍；原句“既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稂萧蓍；原句“既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稂萧蓍；原句“既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；稂萧蓍；原句“既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"宫室","category":"器用","description":"宫、堂、门、庭构成不同层级的生活与礼仪空间；宗庙则专用于祭告祖先。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gongshi-wooden-hall-v1.webp","imageAlt":"宫室水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"播厥百谷，既庭且硕，曾孙是若。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；宫室；原句“播厥百谷，既庭且硕，曾孙是若。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·甫田之什·大田；宫室；原句“播厥百谷，既庭且硕，曾孙是若。”","precision":"篇内定位"}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