{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/207-xiao-ming/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-小明","title":"小明","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"谷风之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"明明上天，照临下土。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"远行者从岁初到岁暮仍在西方服役，想念共事和家中之人，却怕罪罚不敢归。他在长途奔波中反复劝自己敬慎、休息、不要过度忧劳。","emotionalArc":"六章交替出现“昔我往矣”和“心之忧矣”，时间推移与心理自劝像两条绳索。越说“无恒安处”，越显出没有稳定居所；末尾劝诫也带疲惫。","modernReading":"自我照顾不能代替制度责任。歌者一面说“心之忧矣”，一面又劝自己不要自苦、应当休息，这种内心对话很像长期压力下仍要维持工作的劳动者：他知道身体需要停下，却害怕停下就获罪。现代差旅和外派需要工时边界、明确归期、轮换、通讯、心理支持与可拒绝机制；若人因惩罚恐惧不能回家，叫他放松只是把责任推回个人。管理者还应评估任务是否真的需要长期驻外，不能让“敬慎”成为无限加班的美德。对个人而言，规律饮食睡眠、联系家人、向同伴求助可以减少损耗，但这些办法不能替组织纠正人员不足和模糊命令。诗中劝“共人”也显示同行者之间仍有互相照看：同伴可以提醒休息，却不必彼此监督成更严苛的管理者。归来之后，长期漂泊造成的关系断裂和身体疲惫也需要恢复时间。","boundary":"传统多认为大夫悔仕并劝僚友，也有士卒行役、使臣自戒等读法。“共人”可指同僚、同行者或泛称，东西方地点、出发月份与服役年数均不确定；“二月初吉”涉及历法，但不能据此排出完整日程。昔我往矣、岁聿云莫可能是实际长役，也可能是复沓中的时间夸张。自劝“无恒安息”“神之听之”不等于说话者已摆脱困境，更不能证明服役合理。项目将其读作远役者在职责、恐惧与自我照顾间的拉扯，不锁定单一官职。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-1-1","original":"明明上天，照临下土。","translation":"明亮的上天，照耀着大地。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-1-2","original":"我征徂西，至于艽野。","translation":"我奉命西行，来到遥远荒凉的地方。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-1-3","original":"二月初吉，载离寒暑。","translation":"二月初的吉日出发，到如今已经历一次寒暑。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-2-1","original":"心之忧矣，其毒大苦。","translation":"心中的忧愁，苦得像毒药一样。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-2-2","original":"念彼共人，涕零如雨。","translation":"想念那位恭敬贤良的人，眼泪落下如雨。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-2-3","original":"岂不怀归？畏此罪罟！","translation":"难道我不想回家？只怕陷入问罪的法网！","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-3-1","original":"昔我往矣，日月方除。","translation":"当初我出发时，正是新年开始。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-3-2","original":"曷云其还？岁聿云莫。","translation":"何时才能回去？","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-3-3","original":"念我独兮，我事孔庶。","translation":"如今一年又将结束。想到自己孤身在外，而事务又如此繁多。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-4-1","original":"心之忧矣，惮我不暇。","translation":"心中的忧愁，是忙碌得没有片刻闲暇。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-4-2","original":"念彼共人，眷眷怀顾！","translation":"想念那位恭敬贤良的人，依依不舍地回望故乡。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-4-3","original":"岂不怀归？畏此谴怒。","translation":"难道我不想回家？只怕遭到斥责震怒。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-5-1","original":"昔我往矣，日月方奥。","translation":"当初我出发时，天气正温暖。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-5-2","original":"曷云其还？政事愈蹙。","translation":"何时才能回去？","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-5-3","original":"岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。","translation":"政事却越来越紧迫。一年又将结束，已经到了采蒿收豆的时节。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-6-1","original":"心之忧矣，自诒伊戚。","translation":"心中的忧愁，是自己给自己招来的苦难。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-6-2","original":"念彼共人，兴言出宿。","translation":"想念那位恭敬贤良的人，夜不能寐，起身走到户外。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-6-3","original":"岂不怀归？畏此反覆。","translation":"难道我不想回家？只怕君命反复，再次获罪。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-7-1","original":"嗟尔君子，无恒安处。","translation":"各位君子啊，不要贪图长久安居。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-7-2","original":"靖共尔位，正直是与。","translation":"恭敬忠诚地守好职位，亲近正直的人。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-7-3","original":"神之听之，式穀以女。","translation":"神明听见这些，便会赐给你福善。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-8-1","original":"嗟尔君子，无恒安息。","translation":"各位君子啊，不要贪图长久安逸。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-8-2","original":"靖共尔位，好是正直。","translation":"恭敬忠诚地守好职位，喜爱正直的人。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-小明-stanza-8-3","original":"神之听之，介尔景福。","translation":"神明听见这些，便会赐给你盛大的福泽。","rawBlock":7}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"菽","category":"植物","description":"“菽”泛指豆类，是先秦重要粮食和副食作物。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/shu-bean-pods-v1.webp","imageAlt":"菽水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","ibcasPlants"],"excerpt":"昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；菽；原句“昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；菽；原句“昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；菽；原句“昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"ibcasPlants","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；菽；原句“昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"日月星辰","category":"活动","description":"日月星辰既用于计时辨方，也进入婚礼、征役和政治讽喻，构成诗中的天空尺度。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/riyuexingchen.webp","imageAlt":"日月星辰水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"昔我往矣，日月方除。曷云其还？岁聿云莫。念我独兮，我事孔庶。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；日月星辰；原句“昔我往矣，日月方除。曷云其还？岁聿云莫。念我独兮，我事孔庶。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·谷风之什·小明；日月星辰；原句“昔我往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