{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/195-xiao-min/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-小旻","title":"小旻","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"节南山之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"旻天疾威，敷于下土。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"谋划者议论纷纷，却没有人承担结果；百姓像站在深渊旁、踩在薄冰上。说话者看见政策反复、谗言得势，既愤怒又必须小心自保。","emotionalArc":"六章从昊天疾威写到谋夫孔多，层层揭示“发言很多、可执行判断很少”。最后两个身体比喻突然收紧，把宏观失序压到每一步都可能坠落的恐惧。","modernReading":"会议数量不等于治理能力。诗里谋者很多，却“是用不集”，问题不在意见多，而在没有共同事实、执行路径和责任归属；有人像筑路不听向导，也有人把仍未成形的方案匆忙推出。现代决策需要明确目标、证据质量、反对意见、责任人、停止条件和复盘机制。发言者应说明不确定性，领导者也要允许专业判断推翻原定方向。若组织只奖励顺从或声音最大的人，错误会在层层附和中放大，风险最终由没有参与决策的普通人承担。“如临深渊，如履薄冰”不是要求基层永久恐惧，而是提醒有权拍板者对后果保持敬畏。安全文化应把这种敬畏变成测试、预案和纠错，而非让所有人战战兢兢地猜上意。","boundary":"传统以为刺周幽王，也有泛论谋国失当之说；篇中没有可独立确认的政策、会议或人物。“谋夫孔多”并非反对集体讨论，多数注家关注的是纷议、邪谋或谋而不善，具体词义仍有差别。龟卜、筑室于道、谋及妇人等反映先秦决策观及其性别偏见，不能直接移作现代专业标准。项目以无责任的决策失灵为主读法，不把“听取妇人意见”本身视为错误，也不宣称诗提供一套完整治理流程；薄冰深渊只是风险譬喻，并非实际事故记录，诗中恐惧也不能量化为具体风险等级或伤亡概率。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-1-1","original":"旻天疾威，敷于下土。","translation":"苍天暴虐，把灾祸遍布人间。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-1-2","original":"谋犹回遹，何日斯沮？","translation":"朝廷的谋划邪僻不正，要到哪一天才会停止？","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-1-3","original":"谋臧不从，不臧覆用。","translation":"好的建议不肯听从，坏的计策反而采用。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-1-4","original":"我视谋犹，亦孔之邛。","translation":"我看这些谋划，真叫人痛苦。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-2-1","original":"潝潝訿訿，亦孔之哀。","translation":"众人附和又诋毁，实在令人悲哀。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-2-2","original":"谋之其臧，则具是违。","translation":"计策若是好的，大家全都反对；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-2-3","original":"谋之不臧，则具是依。","translation":"计策若是不好，大家全都依从。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-2-4","original":"我视谋犹，伊于胡厎。","translation":"我看这些谋划，不知最终要走向何处。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-3-1","original":"我龟既厌，不我告犹。","translation":"占卜的龟甲已经厌倦，不肯再给我们启示。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-3-2","original":"谋夫孔多，是用不集。","translation":"出谋划策的人太多，因此事情始终办不成。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-3-3","original":"发言盈庭，谁敢执其咎？","translation":"满朝都是发言的人，出了错谁肯承担责任？","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-3-4","original":"如匪行迈谋，是用不得于道。","translation":"就像只在家里议论远行，终究找不到正确道路。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-4-1","original":"哀哉为犹，匪先民是程，匪大犹是经。","translation":"可悲啊，这样制定计策，既不效法先人的经验，也不遵循宏大的正道；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-4-2","original":"维迩言是听，维迩言是争。","translation":"只听近臣的浅见，只争论眼前的话。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-4-3","original":"如彼筑室于道谋，是用不溃于成。","translation":"就像在路上盖房却逢人便问，房子永远建不成功。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-5-1","original":"国虽靡止，或圣或否。","translation":"国家虽没有定准，仍有人明智、有人昏庸；","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-5-2","original":"民虽靡膴，或哲或谋，或肃或艾。","translation":"百姓虽不富足，仍有人通达、有人善谋、有人严肃、有人能治事。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-5-3","original":"如彼泉流，无沦胥以败。","translation":"人才如泉水不断涌出，不要让大家一同沉沦败亡。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-6-1","original":"不敢暴虎，不敢冯河。","translation":"我不敢徒手搏虎，也不敢步行渡河。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-6-2","original":"人知其一，莫知其他。","translation":"人们只看见一种危险，却不知道还有别的祸患。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-小旻-stanza-6-3","original":"战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。","translation":"我日日戒惧谨慎，如同面对深渊，如同踏在薄冰之上。","rawBlock":5}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"宫室","category":"器用","description":"宫、堂、门、庭构成不同层级的生活与礼仪空间；宗庙则专用于祭告祖先。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gongshi-wooden-hall-v1.webp","imageAlt":"宫室水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"我龟既厌，不我告犹。谋夫孔多，是用不集。发言盈庭，谁敢执其咎？如匪行迈谋，是用不得于道。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；宫室；原句“我龟既厌，不我告犹。谋夫孔多，是用不集。发言盈庭，谁敢执其咎？如匪行迈谋，是用不得于道。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；宫室；原句“我龟既厌，不我告犹。谋夫孔多，是用不集。发言盈庭，谁敢执其咎？如匪行迈谋，是用不得于道。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；宫室；原句“我龟既厌，不我告犹。谋夫孔多，是用不集。发言盈庭，谁敢执其咎？如匪行迈谋，是用不得于道。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"营建","category":"活动","description":"筑城、建屋、修仓需要组织土木劳动，也是诗中表现徭役与聚落秩序的常见场景。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/yingjian.webp","imageAlt":"营建水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"哀哉为犹，匪先民是程，匪大犹是经。维迩言是听，维迩言是争。如彼筑室于道谋，是用不溃于成。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；营建；原句“哀哉为犹，匪先民是程，匪大犹是经。维迩言是听，维迩言是争。如彼筑室于道谋，是用不溃于成。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；营建；原句“哀哉为犹，匪先民是程，匪大犹是经。维迩言是听，维迩言是争。如彼筑室于道谋，是用不溃于成。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·小旻；营建；原句“哀哉为犹，匪先民是程，匪大犹是经。维迩言是听，维迩言是争。如彼筑室于道谋，是用不溃于成。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"胥","pinyin":"xū","note":"察看、相看；“于胥斯原”即察看这片平原。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["胥"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi",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