{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/193-shi-yue-zhi-jiao/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-十月之交","title":"十月之交","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"节南山之什","theme":"婚恋","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"十月之交，朔月辛卯。","summary":"围绕相遇、爱慕、婚姻或关系的变化展开，人物的愿望与礼俗彼此交织","interpretation":{"scene":"十月日食之后，月失常度、山崩水涌，朝廷中的皇父等人却忙于营建私邑。观测天象、承受震灾和服徭役的不同人群被拉进同一幅政治灾难图。","emotionalArc":"八章先精确记录日食，再列举地震与百川沸腾，随后点名权臣及其亲属。叙事从宇宙异常缩到具体任命和徭役，愤怒因此找到责任对象。","modernReading":"灾害不会自动揭示道德，却会暴露治理差异。日食、地震和河川异常带来恐惧时，普通人最需要准确信息、避险安排和公共资源；诗中的权臣却任用亲信、营建向邑，使危机与利益输送并排出现。现代重读应把自然现象交给科学观测，把政治责任放在预警、建筑安全、救助、公正任命和财政透明上。掌权者若在公共危机中优先扩张私人项目，伤害会被制度放大；即使灾害不能预防，伤亡和恢复差距也常由治理决定。诗中“悠悠我里”还提醒我们，徭役不只消耗一个服役者，也让整个家里承担离别、生产中断和照料缺口。公共工程必须说明必要性、受益者与成本，不能借紧急状态逃避监督。","boundary":"传统常据“十月之交、朔日辛卯、日有食之”推定周幽王六年日食，并与现代天文推算互证，但历法换算、诗篇成层与具体公历日期仍有讨论。山崩、百川沸腾可能包含地震、滑坡等经验，也有夸饰；天象并非失政造成，诗把二者并置，是当时灾异政治观。皇父、番、棸子、蹶维趣马等人名官名的辨认和史实对应并不完全可靠，向邑位置亦未定。项目保留这份罕见的观测记录，同时不把自然灾害当成某个人道德败坏的物理结果，也不以现代推算反过来证明全篇必作于同一时刻或出于同一作者。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-1-1","original":"十月之交，朔月辛卯。","translation":"十月进入初旬，辛卯这天正逢初一，","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-1-2","original":"日有食之，亦孔之丑。","translation":"太阳发生了日食，景象十分可怕。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-1-3","original":"彼月而微，此日而微；","translation":"月亮亏损，本是常事；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-1-4","original":"今此下民，亦孔之哀。","translation":"如今太阳也黯淡无光，世间百姓实在可悲。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-2-1","original":"日月告凶，不用其行。","translation":"日月示警，是因为运行失常；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-2-2","original":"四国无政，不用其良。","translation":"四方国家政事混乱，是因为不用贤良。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-2-3","original":"彼月而食，则维其常；","translation":"月食还算常见，","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-2-4","original":"此日而食，于何不臧。","translation":"日食却预示着什么不祥？","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-3-1","original":"烨烨震电，不宁不令。","translation":"闪电灼灼，雷声震荡，令人不得安宁。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-3-2","original":"百川沸腾，山冢崒崩。","translation":"百川仿佛沸腾，高山峰顶也在崩塌；","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-3-3","original":"高岸为谷，深谷为陵。","translation":"高岸陷成深谷，深谷隆成山陵。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-3-4","original":"哀今之人，胡惨莫惩？","translation":"可怜如今的人们，面对惨祸为什么不知警醒？","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-4-1","original":"皇父卿士，番维司徒，","translation":"皇父身为卿士，番氏任司徒，","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-4-2","original":"家伯维宰，仲允膳夫，","translation":"家伯任冢宰，仲允任膳夫，","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-4-3","original":"棸子内史，蹶维趣马，","translation":"棸子任内史，蹶氏管马，楀氏掌教贵族子弟；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-4-4","original":"楀维师氏。醘妻煽方处。","translation":"皇父的妻子也在一旁煽动，把持职位。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-5-1","original":"抑此皇父，岂曰不时？","translation":"唉，这位皇父难道会说时机不对？","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-5-2","original":"胡为我作，不即我谋？","translation":"为什么征发我劳作，却不来同我商议？","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-5-3","original":"彻我墙屋，田卒污莱。","translation":"拆毁我的墙屋，使田地全都荒芜；他还说：","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-5-4","original":"曰予不戕，礼则然矣。","translation":"我不是有意残害你，礼制本来如此。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-6-1","original":"皇父孔圣，作都于向。","translation":"皇父自以为十分聪明，在向地营建都邑。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-6-2","original":"择三有事，亶侯多藏。","translation":"挑选三位主事者，果然都是家财丰厚的人；","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-6-3","original":"不慭遗一老，俾守我王。","translation":"却不肯留下一个老臣守护君王，","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-6-4","original":"择有车马，以居徂向。","translation":"只挑有车有马的人一同迁往向地。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-7-1","original":"黾勉从事，不敢告劳。","translation":"我勤勉办事，从来不敢诉说劳苦。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-7-2","original":"无罪无辜，谗口嚣嚣。","translation":"明明无罪无辜，谗言却在四处喧嚣。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-7-3","original":"下民之孽，匪降自天。","translation":"百姓遭受的灾祸，并不是从天而降；","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-7-4","original":"噂沓背憎，职竞由人。","translation":"当面聚谈、背后憎恨，全是人们争权造成。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-8-1","original":"悠悠我里，亦孔之痗。","translation":"故乡道路遥远，我也病痛深重。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-8-2","original":"四方有羡，我独居忧。","translation":"四方的人尚有闲暇，唯独我长居忧患；","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-8-3","original":"民莫不逸，我独不敢休。","translation":"人人都能安逸，唯独我不敢休息。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-十月之交-stanza-8-4","original":"天命不彻，我不敢效我友自逸。","translation":"天命变化无常，我不敢仿效朋友只顾自己安逸。","rawBlock":7}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"车服","category":"器用","description":"车马、缰绳与车帷构成出行系统，其形制和数量也反映身份与礼仪等级。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/chefu.webp","imageAlt":"车服水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"皇父孔圣，作都于向。择三有事，亶侯多藏。不慭遗一老，俾守我王。择有车马，以居徂向。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"m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