{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/192-zheng-yue/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-正月","title":"正月","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"节南山之什","theme":"婚恋","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"正月繁霜，我心忧伤。","summary":"围绕相遇、爱慕、婚姻或关系的变化展开，人物的愿望与礼俗彼此交织","interpretation":{"scene":"正月寒意中，忧者看见政局倾覆、百姓陷入困穷，自己像孤鸟无处停栖。他既担心天灾人祸，也害怕进言获罪，只能在道路和人群间观察。","emotionalArc":"十三章由天地震荡写到谗言、贫富不均和个人危惧。比喻不断转换：鱼入网、鼠忧窟、车失辖，显示危机从国家蔓延到每个生活环节。","modernReading":"危机时期最危险的不只是坏消息，而是人人看见倾覆迹象却不敢说。诗中有人安坐高位，有人困在泥涂；富者尚可逃避，弱者先失去食物、住所和安全。说话者像孤鸟、入网之鱼、失辖之车，在不同意象间寻找可以说明危险的语言，恰好显示直接陈述已经不安全。现代机构需要保护预警者、公开数据和决策依据，建立利益冲突审查，并按承受能力分担损失。面对灾害或财政危机，不能让资源最少的人先失业、失医和失居。对提出问题者贴上悲观、闹事或不忠标签，只会延迟修复。诗人仍试图告诉“君子”民众正在哀痛，提示领导者不能只听近臣，还要让受影响者进入决策和救助评估。","boundary":"《正月》篇章较长，章次、残简、异文和部分句读历来有疑，传统多系周幽王，也难落实到某年正月；“正月”可按周历理解，但历法换算不宜过度确定。日月告凶、水旱、谗政、贫富差异与个人危惧在诗中并置，并不等于它们构成可核实的单一事件链。鱼、鼠、车辖、孤鸟等比喻的具体政治对应，各家不同；“谓天盖高”也不是天文判断。项目以危机中的不平等与噤声为主线，不把所有章节强配某位历史人物，也不将诗中“富人”概括为所有有产者，更不假定叙述者掌握完整国情与人口处境。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-1-1","original":"正月繁霜，我心忧伤。","translation":"正月里竟降下浓霜，我的心充满忧伤。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-1-2","original":"民之讹言，亦孔之将。","translation":"民间欺诈的流言，也传播得十分广。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-1-3","original":"念我独兮，忧心京京。","translation":"我想到自己孤立无援，心中忧惧不安；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-1-4","original":"哀我小心，癙忧以痒。","translation":"可怜我处处谨慎，仍忧愁成疾。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-2-1","original":"父母生我，胡俾我瘉？","translation":"父母生下我，为什么让我受这样的苦？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-2-2","original":"不自我先，不自我后。","translation":"灾难不早不晚，偏偏落在我的一生。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-2-3","original":"好言自口，莠言自口。","translation":"好话出自同一张嘴，坏话也出自同一张嘴；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-2-4","original":"忧心愈愈，是以有侮。","translation":"我愁苦日深，因此又遭人欺侮。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-3-1","original":"忧心惸惸，念我无禄。","translation":"我孤苦忧伤，想到自己没有福分。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-3-2","original":"民之无辜，并其臣仆。","translation":"无辜的百姓，都将沦为奴仆。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-3-3","original":"哀我人斯，于何从禄？","translation":"可怜我们这些人，还能到哪里求得生计？","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-3-4","original":"瞻乌爰止？于谁之屋？","translation":"看那乌鸦将落在哪里，又会停在谁家的屋顶？","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-4-1","original":"瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。","translation":"看那树林中央，不过都是粗柴细枝。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-4-2","original":"民今方殆，视天梦梦。","translation":"百姓如今正陷入危境，上天却昏暗不明。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-4-3","original":"既克有定，靡人弗胜。","translation":"一旦上天决意降罚，没有谁承受得住；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-4-4","original":"有皇上帝，伊谁云憎？","translation":"伟大的上帝啊，你究竟憎恨谁？","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-5-1","original":"谓山盖卑，为冈为陵。","translation":"有人硬说山并不高，却明明有山冈和丘陵。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-5-2","original":"民之讹言，宁莫之惩。","translation":"民间欺诈的流言，难道没有人惩治？","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-5-3","original":"召彼故老，讯之占梦。","translation":"召来年高有经验的人，向他们询问梦兆；","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-5-4","original":"具曰予圣，谁知乌之雌雄！","translation":"人人都自称圣明，可谁又能分清乌鸦的雌雄！","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-6-1","original":"谓天盖高，不敢不局。","translation":"即使说天很高，我也不敢不弯着腰；","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-6-2","original":"谓地盖厚，不敢不蹐。","translation":"即使说地很厚，我也不敢不踮着脚。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-6-3","original":"维号斯言，有伦有脊。","translation":"我喊出这些话，句句都有条理和根据。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-6-4","original":"哀今之人，胡为虺蜴？","translation":"可怜如今的人，为什么变得像毒蛇蜥蜴一样害人？","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-7-1","original":"瞻彼阪田，有菀其特。","translation":"看那山坡上的田，一株禾苗长得格外茂盛。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-7-2","original":"天之杌我，如不我克。","translation":"上天动摇我、摧残我，仿佛唯恐不能把我制服。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-7-3","original":"彼求我则，如不我得。","translation":"他们需要我时，像是怎么也求不到；","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-7-4","original":"执我仇仇，亦不我力。","translation":"等抓住我，又怠慢鄙弃，不肯让我施展力量。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-8-1","original":"心之忧矣，如或结之。","translation":"我的心如此忧愁，仿佛被绳结紧紧缠住。","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-8-2","original":"今兹之正，胡然厉矣？","translation":"如今掌政的人，为什么这样暴虐？","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-8-3","original":"燎之方扬，宁或灭之？","translation":"大火正熊熊燃烧，难道还有谁能扑灭？","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-8-4","original":"赫赫宗周，褒姒灭之！","translation":"显赫的周王朝，竟要被褒姒断送！","rawBlock":7}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-9","number":9,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-9-1","original":"终其永怀，又窘阴雨。","translation":"我长久忧思，又困在连绵阴雨里。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-9-2","original":"其车既载，乃弃尔辅。","translation":"车子已经装满货物，你却丢掉支撑车厢的辅木；","rawBlock":8},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-9-3","original":"载输尔载，将伯助予！","translation":"一旦货物翻落，只好高喊：老兄，快来帮我！","rawBlock":8}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-10","number":10,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-10-1","original":"无弃尔辅，员于尔辐。","translation":"不要丢掉车厢的辅木，要让它紧贴车轮；","rawBlock":9},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-10-2","original":"屡顾尔仆，不输尔载。","translation":"还要不时回头照看车夫，才不会翻掉货物。","rawBlock":9},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-10-3","original":"终逾绝险，曾是不意。","translation":"这样终能越过极险的道路，你竟从来没有想到。","rawBlock":9}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-11","number":11,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-11-1","original":"鱼在于沼，亦匪克乐。","translation":"鱼儿困在池沼里，也无法真正快乐。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-11-2","original":"潜虽伏矣，亦孔之炤。","translation":"即使潜藏水底，身影仍清楚可见。","rawBlock":10},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-11-3","original":"忧心惨惨，念国之为虐！","translation":"我的心凄惨忧愁，想到国家正遭受暴政虐害！","rawBlock":10}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-12","number":12,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-12-1","original":"彼有旨酒，又有嘉肴。","translation":"他们有香甜的美酒，又有精美的菜肴；","rawBlock":11},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-12-2","original":"洽比其邻，婚姻孔云。","translation":"亲近邻里，婚姻亲族也往来密切。","rawBlock":11},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-12-3","original":"念我独兮，忧心殷殷。","translation":"唯独想到我孤立无援，心里忧痛不止。","rawBlock":11}]},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-13","number":13,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-13-1","original":"佌佌彼有屋，蔌蔌方有谷。","translation":"那些卑琐小人住着高屋，那些庸碌之徒正享用厚禄。","rawBlock":12},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-13-2","original":"民今之无禄，天夭是椓。","translation":"百姓如今没有福分，又遭天灾摧残。","rawBlock":12},{"id":"小雅-正月-stanza-13-3","original":"哿矣富人，哀此惸独。","translation":"富人尚且能够承受，可怜那些孤苦无依的人。","rawBlock":12}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"薪柴","category":"器用","description":"砍伐、劈分并捆束的薪柴是日常燃料，也进入婚礼、劳作和家族分工的比兴系统。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/shuxin.webp","imageAlt":"薪柴水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。民今方殆，视天梦梦。既克有定，靡人弗胜。有皇上帝，伊谁云憎？","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；薪柴；原句“瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。民今方殆，视天梦梦。既克有定，靡人弗胜。有皇上帝，伊谁云憎？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；薪柴；原句“瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。民今方殆，视天梦梦。既克有定，靡人弗胜。有皇上帝，伊谁云憎？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；薪柴；原句“瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。民今方殆，视天梦梦。既克有定，靡人弗胜。有皇上帝，伊谁云憎？”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"车服","category":"器用","description":"车马、缰绳与车帷构成出行系统，其形制和数量也反映身份与礼仪等级。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/chefu.webp","imageAlt":"车服水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"终其永怀，又窘阴雨。其车既载，乃弃尔辅。载输尔载，将伯助予！","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；车服；原句“终其永怀，又窘阴雨。其车既载，乃弃尔辅。载输尔载，将伯助予！”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；车服；原句“终其永怀，又窘阴雨。其车既载，乃弃尔辅。载输尔载，将伯助予！”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；车服；原句“终其永怀，又窘阴雨。其车既载，乃弃尔辅。载输尔载，将伯助予！”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"宫室","category":"器用","description":"宫、堂、门、庭构成不同层级的生活与礼仪空间；宗庙则专用于祭告祖先。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/gongshi-wooden-hall-v1.webp","imageAlt":"宫室水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"忧心惸惸，念我无禄。民之无辜，并其臣仆。哀我人斯，于何从禄？瞻乌爰止？于谁之屋？","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；宫室；原句“忧心惸惸，念我无禄。民之无辜，并其臣仆。哀我人斯，于何从禄？瞻乌爰止？于谁之屋？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；宫室；原句“忧心惸惸，念我无禄。民之无辜，并其臣仆。哀我人斯，于何从禄？瞻乌爰止？于谁之屋？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；宫室；原句“忧心惸惸，念我无禄。民之无辜，并其臣仆。哀我人斯，于何从禄？瞻乌爰止？于谁之屋？”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"酒","category":"饮食","description":"酒由谷物发酵酿制，用于日常饮用、宴宾和祭献。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/jiuqi.webp","imageAlt":"酒水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"彼有旨酒，又有嘉肴。洽比其邻，婚姻孔云。念我独兮，忧心殷殷。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；酒；原句“彼有旨酒，又有嘉肴。洽比其邻，婚姻孔云。念我独兮，忧心殷殷。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；酒；原句“彼有旨酒，又有嘉肴。洽比其邻，婚姻孔云。念我独兮，忧心殷殷。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；酒；原句“彼有旨酒，又有嘉肴。洽比其邻，婚姻孔云。念我独兮，忧心殷殷。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"椓","pinyin":"zhuó","note":"敲击木桩；诗中写打桩张网的动作。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["椓"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“椓”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“椓”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“椓”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"彼","pinyin":"bǐ","note":"指示代词，相当于“那、那个、那些”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["彼"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"斯","pinyin":"sī","note":"指示代词“这、此”，也可作承接或语气成分。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["斯"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"尔","pinyin":"ěr","note":"第二人称代词，相当于“你、你们”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["尔"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"镐京","province":"陕西西安","note":"雅诗并非都创作于都城；此处用周王室礼乐中心作浏览锚点。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"宽泛时段推定","confidence":"低","statement":"仅给出便于浏览的宽泛年代范围；学界对不少篇目的具体年代仍有分歧。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示","confidence":"低","statement":"雅、颂多不能落实到单一创作地点；坐标仅取相关礼乐或政治中心，供地图浏览。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；篇目所属地域或篇类"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；篇题地理说明"}]},"interpretation":{"label":"项目原创综合阐释","confidence":"阐释","statement":"场景、情感推进与今日重读属于项目在原文和注本基础上的现代解释，不作为可直接验证的历史事实。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；传世正文及传统训释"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·正月；现代注释与篇意讨论"}]}},"song":{"src":"/assets/songs/generated/192-zheng-yue.mp3","durationLabel":"4:09","introduction":"正月寒意中，忧者看见政局倾覆、百姓困穷，自己像孤鸟无处停栖；“正月繁霜”让危机进入日常。\n稳健节拍牵动不安，层层推进轮换鱼网、鼠窟与失辖之车，左右舒展的声场让失序压到生活环节。\n章次异文与王世皆有争议，天灾谗政也非单一事件链。当代原创声音转译让文本进入今人的听觉，非为复制古乐。","form":"当代歌谣 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