{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/191-jie-nan-shan/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-节南山","title":"节南山","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"节南山之什","theme":"征役","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"节彼南山，维石岩岩。","summary":"写出征、戍守或归途中人的处境，把战争与劳役落到具体的等待、离别和身体感受上","interpretation":{"scene":"高峻南山与层叠岩石压在篇首，尹氏掌权却使民众受苦。说话者直斥政令不均、无人敢戏言，并追问昊天为何不察，灾难被落实为百姓长期积累的忧愁。","emotionalArc":"十章从山势沉重推进到对尹氏的点名批评，再转为天命质问和作诗告诫。反复“民言无嘉”“忧心如惔”，让压抑逐渐变成公开控诉。","modernReading":"制度性伤害常被包装成不可抗的环境，《节南山》却不断把视线从昊天拉回尹氏：政令由人发布，劳役与困穷也由具体百姓承受。诗中的民众没有安全发言空间，“不敢戏谈”说明连日常议论都可能招祸；而掌权者仍以赫赫师尹的威势出现。现代阅读应区分不能控制的灾害与可以改变的治理失误，要求权力公开依据、接受监督、修正错误并补偿受害者。职位越高，越不能把责任推给天意、下属或流言。诗人最后说作诗以究王讻，是把无处申诉的痛苦转成公共记录；今天则需要独立调查、档案和免于报复的投诉渠道，让基层不必只靠匿名歌谣留下证词。","boundary":"传统多系尹氏太师与周幽王时政，也有尹氏身份、作诗者和章序的不同意见；“尹氏大师”可能是官号与氏族称谓，并不足以锁定某位可考人物。旱灾、饥馑或社会动荡与失政的因果属于周人天命观念，现代自然解释不能把灾异当成道德报应。南山岩石、昊天不惠等也兼具起兴与政治语言，不能用来复原一次具体灾害。项目强调诗内可见的任命、政令不均和民众受苦，同时把具体王世、政策内容与历史责任标为未定；诗人的控诉是重要历史经验，却不是完整案卷，也无法单独判定所有被指责者的具体行为及责任程度。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-1-1","original":"节彼南山，维石岩岩。","translation":"高峻的南山，岩石层层耸立。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-1-2","original":"赫赫师尹，民具尔瞻。","translation":"权势显赫的太师尹氏，百姓都仰望着你。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-1-3","original":"忧心如惔，不敢戏谈。","translation":"我忧心如火灼烧，不敢把国事当作笑谈。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-1-4","original":"国既卒斩，何用不监！","translation":"国家眼看就要彻底断送，你为什么还不明察！","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-2-1","original":"节彼南山，有实其猗。","translation":"高峻的南山，山势绵长起伏。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-2-2","original":"赫赫师尹，不平谓何。","translation":"权势显赫的太师尹氏，面对政治不公，你还有什么可说？","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-2-3","original":"天方荐瘥，丧乱弘多。","translation":"上天接连降下灾祸，死亡和动乱如此众多；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-2-4","original":"民言无嘉，惨莫惩嗟。","translation":"百姓没有一句赞美，你竟冷酷得不知警醒叹息。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-3-1","original":"尹氏大师，维周之氐；","translation":"尹太师是周王朝的根基，","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-3-2","original":"秉国之钧，四方是维。","translation":"掌握国家政权，维系天下四方。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-3-3","original":"天子是毗，俾民不迷。","translation":"你本应辅佐天子，使百姓不至迷乱。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-3-4","original":"不吊昊天，不宜空我师。","translation":"可悲的上天啊，不该让我们的民众空虚凋零。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-4-1","original":"弗躬弗亲，庶民弗信。","translation":"你不亲自处理政事，百姓便不会信服；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-4-2","original":"弗问弗仕，勿罔君子。","translation":"不考察、不任用贤才，就不要欺骗君子。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-4-3","original":"式夷式已，无小人殆。","translation":"应使政令公平、纷争止息，不要让小人危害国家；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-4-4","original":"琐琐姻亚，则无膴仕。","translation":"那些庸碌的姻亲，也不要授予高官厚禄。","rawBlock":3}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-5","number":5,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-5-1","original":"昊天不佣，降此鞠訩。","translation":"上天不公，降下这场长久的祸乱；","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-5-2","original":"昊天不惠，降此大戾。","translation":"上天不仁，降下这场巨大的灾难。","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-5-3","original":"君子如届，俾民心阕。","translation":"如果君子肯尽职，便能使民心安定；","rawBlock":4},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-5-4","original":"君子如夷，恶怒是违。","translation":"如果君子主持公平，便能消除怨恨愤怒。","rawBlock":4}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-6","number":6,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-6-1","original":"不吊昊天，乱靡有定。","translation":"可悲的上天啊，乱局始终没有平定；","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-6-2","original":"式月斯生，俾民不宁。","translation":"灾祸一月又一月发生，使百姓不得安宁。","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-6-3","original":"忧心如酲，谁秉国成？","translation":"我忧心得像宿醉般难受，究竟谁能把国家治理好？","rawBlock":5},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-6-4","original":"不自为政，卒劳百姓。","translation":"执政者不亲理政务，最终只是苦了百姓。","rawBlock":5}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-7","number":7,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-7-1","original":"驾彼四牡，四牡项领。","translation":"驾起那四匹公马，马儿颈项粗壮。","rawBlock":6},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-7-2","original":"我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。","translation":"我环顾天下四方，却处处局促，竟无一处可以驰骋。","rawBlock":6}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-8","number":8,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-8-1","original":"方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。","translation":"当你的恶意正盛时，人人看见都如同面对兵器；","rawBlock":7},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-8-2","original":"既夷既怿，如相酬矣。","translation":"等你怒气平息、心情欢悦，又仿佛彼此在席间酬酒。","rawBlock":7}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-9","number":9,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-9-1","original":"昊天不平，我王不宁。","translation":"上天如此不公，我们的君王也不得安宁。","rawBlock":8},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-9-2","original":"不惩其心，覆怨其正。","translation":"你不反省自己的心，反倒怨恨指正你的人。","rawBlock":8}]},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-10","number":10,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-10-1","original":"家父作诵，以究王訩。","translation":"家父作下这首诗，追究王朝祸乱的根由。","rawBlock":9},{"id":"小雅-节南山-stanza-10-2","original":"式讹尔心，以畜万邦。","translation":"愿它能改变你的心，使天下万国得以安养。","rawBlock":9}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"马","category":"动物","description":"驾车时服马和骖马各有位置；马匹的毛色、体力与步态也传达军旅、出行和身份信息。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ma-horse-paddock-v1.webp","imageAlt":"马水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；马；原句“驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；马；原句“驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；马；原句“驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；马；原句“驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"矛","category":"器用","description":"矛以尖锋装柄，主要用于向前刺击。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/mao-spear-camp-v1.webp","imageAlt":"矛水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。既夷既怿，如相酬矣。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；矛；原句“方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。既夷既怿，如相酬矣。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；矛；原句“方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。既夷既怿，如相酬矣。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；矛；原句“方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。既夷既怿，如相酬矣。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"日月星辰","category":"活动","description":"日月星辰既用于计时辨方，也进入婚礼、征役和政治讽喻，构成诗中的天空尺度。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/riyuexingchen.webp","imageAlt":"日月星辰水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"excerpt":"尹氏大师，维周之氐；秉国之钧，四方是维。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不吊昊天，不宜空我师。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；日月星辰；原句“尹氏大师，维周之氐；秉国之钧，四方是维。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不吊昊天，不宜空我师。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；日月星辰；原句“尹氏大师，维周之氐；秉国之钧，四方是维。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不吊昊天，不宜空我师。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；日月星辰；原句“尹氏大师，维周之氐；秉国之钧，四方是维。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不吊昊天，不宜空我师。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"彼","pinyin":"bǐ","note":"指示代词，相当于“那、那个、那些”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["彼"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“彼”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"斯","pinyin":"sī","note":"指示代词“这、此”，也可作承接或语气成分。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["斯"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“斯”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"君子","pinyin":"jūn zǐ","note":"可指有德者、贵族、丈夫或所思之人，须结合篇章身份理解。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["君子"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“君子”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“君子”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“君子”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"尔","pinyin":"ěr","note":"第二人称代词，相当于“你、你们”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["尔"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；词条“尔”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"},{"id":"iozAnimals","short":"中科院动物所：动物科学资料","title":"中国科学院动物研究所与国家动物博物馆资料","kind":"动物分类与物种资料","url":"https://ioz.cas.cn/gb2018/jgkk/ysfm/index.html"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"镐京","province":"陕西西安","note":"雅诗并非都创作于都城；此处用周王室礼乐中心作浏览锚点。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"宽泛时段推定","confidence":"低","statement":"仅给出便于浏览的宽泛年代范围；学界对不少篇目的具体年代仍有分歧。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示","confidence":"低","statement":"雅、颂多不能落实到单一创作地点；坐标仅取相关礼乐或政治中心，供地图浏览。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；篇目所属地域或篇类"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；篇题地理说明"}]},"interpretation":{"label":"项目原创综合阐释","confidence":"阐释","statement":"场景、情感推进与今日重读属于项目在原文和注本基础上的现代解释，不作为可直接验证的历史事实。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；传世正文及传统训释"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·节南山之什·节南山；现代注释与篇意讨论"}]}},"song":{"src":"/assets/songs/generated/191-jie-nan-shan.mp3","durationLabel":"3:14","introduction":"高峻南山压在篇首，尹氏掌权却使百姓受苦；“节彼南山”从沉重山势走向点名问责。\n稳健节拍引出压抑，层层推进由政令不均转到天命质问，左右收拢的声场让“忧心如惔”成为公开控诉。\n幽王与尹氏身份不能完全坐实，灾异也不是道德报应。以当代原创声音转译重新聆听诗句，并不等于重建周代音乐。","form":"当代歌谣 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