{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/180-ji-ri/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"小雅-吉日","title":"吉日","group":"小雅","region":"小雅","collectionSection":"南有嘉鱼之什","theme":"农事","period":"西周至春秋","quote":"吉日维戊，既伯既祷。","summary":"顺着时令与劳作写土地、作物和生活秩序，呈现周人日常世界的节律","interpretation":{"scene":"出猎前先选择吉日、祭祀马祖，再驾驭成组马匹前往漆沮之野。猎人追逐鹿、豕与兕，把所得送入公庖；占卜、车马、围猎、屠宰和宴饮连成一条完整的物资链。","emotionalArc":"四章由吉日和马祭建立秩序，再进入兽群众多、追逐迅疾的猎场。末章连续说“既张我弓，既挟我矢”，动作紧张，却忽然以“以御宾客，且以酌醴”转向宴席，让猎获成为社交资源。","modernReading":"这首诗提醒现代读者，餐桌上的丰盛有清晰来源：动物被追赶和杀死，御者、猎手、厨人共同劳动。理解古代生活既不能用今天观念轻率审判，也不必把围猎浪漫化；权力者宣称不伤幼兽，仍应接受真实节制的检验。","boundary":"传统多认为宣王田猎，王世、漆沮位置和“伯”所指均有异说。“儦儦”“麌麌”形容兽群状态，具体物种对应并不完全确定；“悉率左右，以燕天子”也可能包含臣下组织围猎的礼仪语言。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-1-1","original":"吉日维戊，既伯既祷。","translation":"戊日是个吉日，已经祭过马神也祷告完毕。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-1-2","original":"田车既好，四牡孔阜。","translation":"猎车整备精良，四匹公马肥壮有力；","rawBlock":0},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-1-3","original":"升彼大阜，从其群丑。","translation":"登上那座高丘，追逐成群的野兽。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-2-1","original":"吉日庚午，既差我马。","translation":"庚午是个吉日，已经挑选好我们的马。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-2-2","original":"兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。","translation":"野兽聚集的地方，母鹿和群鹿众多；","rawBlock":1},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-2-3","original":"漆沮之从，天子之所。","translation":"沿着漆水、沮水追逐，正是天子狩猎的所在。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-3-1","original":"瞻彼中原，其祁孔有。","translation":"眺望那片原野，辽阔而禽兽众多。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-3-2","original":"儦儦俟俟，或群或友。","translation":"野兽有的疾跑、有的缓行，有的成群、有的结伴；","rawBlock":2},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-3-3","original":"悉率左右，以燕天子。","translation":"把它们全都从左右驱拢来，供天子射猎取乐。","rawBlock":2}]},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-4","number":4,"segments":[{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-4-1","original":"既张我弓，既挟我矢。","translation":"已经拉开我的弓，已经把箭搭在弦上。","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-4-2","original":"发彼小豝，殪此大兕。","translation":"射倒那只小母猪，又射死这头大犀牛；","rawBlock":3},{"id":"小雅-吉日-stanza-4-3","original":"以御宾客，且以酌醴。","translation":"用猎物款待宾客，还要斟上甜酒共享。","rawBlock":3}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"鹿","category":"动物","description":"鹿群和鸣、共同取食，常被写成宾主和乐、群体相亲的象征。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/lu.webp","imageAlt":"鹿水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"吉日庚午，既差我马。兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之从，天子之所。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；鹿；原句“吉日庚午，既差我马。兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之从，天子之所。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；鹿；原句“吉日庚午，既差我马。兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之从，天子之所。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；鹿；原句“吉日庚午，既差我马。兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之从，天子之所。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；鹿；原句“吉日庚午，既差我马。兽之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之从，天子之所。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"马","category":"动物","description":"驾车时服马和骖马各有位置；马匹的毛色、体力与步态也传达军旅、出行和身份信息。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/ma-horse-paddock-v1.webp","imageAlt":"马水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"吉日维戊，既伯既祷。田车既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，从其群丑。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；马；原句“吉日维戊，既伯既祷。田车既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，从其群丑。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；马；原句“吉日维戊，既伯既祷。田车既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，从其群丑。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；马；原句“吉日维戊，既伯既祷。田车既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，从其群丑。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；马；原句“吉日维戊，既伯既祷。田车既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，从其群丑。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"野猪","category":"动物","description":"豝、豵分别指母猪或幼猪等野猪猎物；围捕与射获体现田猎中的协作和肉食供给。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/wild-boar-woodland-v1.webp","imageAlt":"野猪水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；野猪；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；野猪；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；野猪；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；野猪；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"name":"兕","category":"动物","description":"兕是先秦文献中的大型野兽，具体对应犀类还是野牛类存在争议，也是田猎与酒器纹饰中的重要形象。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/si-rhinoceros-reeds-v1.webp","imageAlt":"兕水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；兕；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；兕；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；兕；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"小雅·南有嘉鱼之什·吉日；兕；原句“既张我弓，既挟我矢。发彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御宾客，且以酌醴。”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