{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","canonical":"https://songs.campzhe.com/poems/052-xiang-shu/","contentKinds":{"original":"传世《毛诗》阅读正文","fullTranslation":"项目原创全文今译","interpretation":"项目综合阐释；推测性解释均保留边界说明","annotations":"项目据传统注疏与现代研究综合转述","materialNotes":"诗中名物与生活场景说明","geography":"教学综合示意，不代表精确创作地点或疆界"},"poem":{"id":"鄘风-相鼠","title":"相鼠","group":"国风","region":"鄘风","collectionSection":"鄘风","theme":"讽谏","period":"春秋","quote":"人而无仪，不死何为？","summary":"以鼠尚有皮齿反讽失礼之人，语气尖锐。","interpretation":{"scene":"歌者逐一观察鼠有皮、有齿、有完整身体，然后反问：人若没有仪、没有止、没有礼，怎么还能自处？动物至少具备外在形体，失去行为底线的人反而不如鼠。","emotionalArc":"三章从仪表推进到行为节制和礼，斥责也越来越严厉。它不是温和劝善，而是群体对破坏共同规则者的公开羞耻制裁，短句和反问具有很强的口头攻击力。","modernReading":"现代人可以保留它对权势者无底线行为的愤怒，却不必复制“去死”的语言。公共批评应要求责任、修复和退出权力，而不是把羞辱升级为对生命的否定。短促反问适合群体传唱，也说明公开斥责可能是弱者少数能够共同使用的压力工具。","boundary":"被讽对象无法确定，传统多联系卫国君臣。鼠的“皮齿体”与人之礼的对应是诗性反讽，不是动物与人的道德比较。末句的激烈措辞按讽刺语言理解。"},"stanzas":[{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-1","number":1,"segments":[{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-1-1","original":"相鼠有皮，人而无仪！","translation":"看看老鼠还有一层皮，人却没有仪容廉耻。","rawBlock":0},{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-1-2","original":"人而无仪，不死何为？","translation":"一个人若毫无仪容廉耻，为什么还活着。","rawBlock":0}]},{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-2","number":2,"segments":[{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-2-1","original":"相鼠有齿，人而无止！","translation":"看看老鼠还有牙齿，人却没有行为准则。","rawBlock":1},{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-2-2","original":"人而无止，不死何俟？","translation":"一个人若毫无准则，还等什么不死。","rawBlock":1}]},{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-3","number":3,"segments":[{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-3-1","original":"相鼠有体，人而无礼，","translation":"看看老鼠还有完整身体，人却没有礼义。","rawBlock":2},{"id":"鄘风-相鼠-stanza-3-2","original":"人而无礼！胡不遄死？","translation":"一个人若毫无礼义，为什么不赶快死去。","rawBlock":2}]}],"windNotes":[{"name":"鼠","category":"动物","description":"鼠的皮、齿与贪食习性被诗人分别用于讽刺无礼之人、侵夺者与忧思难解的处境。","image":"/assets/windnotes/ink/shu.webp","imageAlt":"鼠水墨线描示意图","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng","iozAnimals"],"excerpt":"相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？","sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；鼠；原句“相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；鼠；原句“相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；鼠；原句“相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"iozAnimals","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；鼠；原句“相鼠有皮，人而无仪！人而无仪，不死何为？”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"textAnnotations":[{"term":"俟","pinyin":"sì","note":"等待。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","cheng"],"matches":["俟"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“俟”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“俟”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“俟”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"胡","pinyin":"hú","note":"疑问代词，相当于“为什么、怎么”。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["胡"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“胡”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“胡”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“胡”","precision":"篇内定位"}]},{"term":"止","pinyin":"zhǐ","note":"句末语气词时不必实译；另可表示停止、居住。","sourceIds":["maoshi","zhuxi","zhou"],"matches":["止"],"sourceLocators":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“止”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhuxi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“止”","precision":"篇内定位"},{"sourceId":"zhou","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；词条“止”","precision":"篇内定位"}]}],"researchSources":[{"id":"maoshi","short":"毛传·郑笺·孔疏","title":"《毛诗正义》","kind":"传世底本与注疏","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9"},{"id":"zhuxi","short":"朱熹《诗集传》","title":"《诗集传》","kind":"传统注本","url":"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%82%B3"},{"id":"gaoheng","short":"高亨《诗经今注》","title":"《诗经今注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OjvkzQEACAAJ"},{"id":"cheng","short":"程俊英、蒋见元《诗经注析》","title":"《诗经注析》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://lib2.buct.edu.cn/bookInfo_01h0114296.html"},{"id":"zhou","short":"周振甫《诗经译注》","title":"《诗经译注》","kind":"现代注本","url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA60942546"},{"id":"caishifeng","short":"胡宁：“采诗观风”研究","title":"《从新出史料看先秦“采诗观风”制度》","kind":"近年学术研究","url":"https://www.cssn.cn/wx/wx_zggdwx/202208/t20220802_5442855.shtml"},{"id":"iozAnimals","short":"中科院动物所：动物科学资料","title":"中国科学院动物研究所与国家动物博物馆资料","kind":"动物分类与物种资料","url":"https://ioz.cas.cn/gb2018/jgkk/ysfm/index.html"}],"review":{"cutoff":"2026-06-30"},"place":"古鄘地","province":"河南新乡一带","note":"鄘地约在古卫都周边，此处以卫辉附近作约址。","confidence":"同域分散显示","judgments":{"period":{"label":"宽泛时段推定","confidence":"低","statement":"仅给出便于浏览的宽泛年代范围；学界对不少篇目的具体年代仍有分歧。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；篇目与篇类归属"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；篇题解说与时代讨论"}]},"geography":{"label":"同域分散显示","confidence":"中","statement":"依据《鄘风》的传统地域归属设置区域中心；坐标用于地图浏览，不主张本诗作于该精确点位。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；篇目所属地域或篇类"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；篇题地理说明"}]},"interpretation":{"label":"项目原创综合阐释","confidence":"阐释","statement":"场景、情感推进与今日重读属于项目在原文和注本基础上的现代解释，不作为可直接验证的历史事实。","evidence":[{"sourceId":"maoshi","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；传世正文及传统训释"},{"sourceId":"cheng","locator":"国风·鄘风·相鼠；现代注释与篇意讨论"}]}},"song":{"src":"/assets/songs/generated/052-xiang-shu.mp3","durationLabel":"1:05","introduction":"从鼠有皮、齿、体逐章发问，“相鼠有皮”把矛头对准失去仪、止与礼却仍自居其位的人。\n较密节拍加强反问，简洁铺开使斥责越来越严厉，左右舒展的声音保留这首短歌直接而尖锐的口头力量。\n被讽对象无法确定，动物形体与人的礼只是诗性反讽。当代原创声音转译在这里保持距离，不冒称周代古乐再现。","form":"当代歌谣 ·《诗经》原文演唱","credit":"诗经地图 · 诗篇之声｜生成协作：MiniMax Music 2.6","boundary":"当代原创声音转译，以现代音乐形式演唱《诗经》原文；不代表周代旋律、唱法或古代声景复原。"},"markerRank":7,"prominence":1000,"lnglat":[114.14379128001237,34.86774287430073],"source":"传世《毛诗》正文；项目据古今注本逐篇复核","slug":"052-xiang-shu","order":52}}